Abstract
Oxidation of sulfide to sulfate is known to consist of several steps. Key intermediates in this process are the so-called small oxoacids of sulfur (SOS)—sulfenic HSOH (hydrogen thioperoxide, oxadisulfane, or sulfur hydride hydroxide) and sulfoxylic S(OH)2 acids. Sulfur monoxide can be considered as a dehydrated form of sulfoxylic acid. Although all of these species play an important role in atmospheric chemistry and in organic synthesis, and are also invoked in biochemical processes, they are quite unstable compounds so much so that their physical and chemical properties are still subject to intense studies. It is well-established that sulfoxylic acid has very strong reducing properties, while sulfenic acid is capable of both oxidizing and reducing various substrates. Here, in this review, the mechanisms of sulfide oxidation as well as data on the structure and reactivity of small sulfur-containing oxoacids, sulfur monoxide, and its precursors are discussed.
Highlights
IntroductionROS (the most important ROS species are superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, hypochlorous acid), occupy a central place in redox biology
Reactive oxygen species, ROS, occupy a central place in redox biology
It should be noted that nowadays a generally recognized opinion exists in the literature, on the basis of mechanistic grounds, about the possibility that sulfide oxidations most likely proceed via sulfenic acid intermediate species, just as in the case of cysteine (Cys) [37,40,41,42]
Summary
ROS (the most important ROS species are superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, hypochlorous acid), occupy a central place in redox biology. Reviews describing properties of hydrogen thioperoxide and sulfur monoxide are absent at all These are the main reasons why we decided to present a review combining data of reactive sulfur–oxygen species mentioned above. It should, be noted that in this review we do not consider dithionites (compounds with sulfur in oxidation state +3), including sodium dithionite Na2 S2 O4 , since the chemistry of these compounds is much more thoroughly known and has been described recently in our review [19] and book [16]. This could be explained by the practical importance of their precursors—sodium hydroxymethanesulfinate (rongalite) HOCH2 SO2 Na (note: its other name is sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate) and thiourea dioxide (NH2 ) CSO2
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