Reactions and analytical methods for amino acids and peptides

Abstract

Part 1. Reactions of amino acids and peptides Introduction Part 1 of this chapter is intended to provide background material for the analytical procedures described later in this chapter for amino acids and peptides, but it also provides a broad survey of the topic that can be read in isolation from the analytical context. The derivatisation of amino acids is the basis of many of the sensitive analytical amino-acid assay procedures in current use and this chapter covers the normal profile of reactions of the amino and carboxy groups, knowledge of which is an essential prerequisite for appreciating the analytical context. Reactions of peptides are also covered here (e.g. peptide and protein hydrolysis is covered in Section 4.4.7), though the coverage is restricted in scope because parts of this topic are discussed in Chapter 5, where it is relevant to sequence-determination procedures (see also Barrett, 1985). General survey Many reactions with amino acids also involve the side-chain functional groups and these are generally easily understood in terms of the normal profile of reactions of the functional groups concerned. Chapter 6 deals with reactions of side-chains of amino acids, since these reactions can be exploited as a way of using one amino acid to synthesise another. Also, there are often unexpected consequences owing to the involvement of side-chain functional groups (also involvement of the amide group for peptides), when a reaction is directed either at the amino or at the carboxy group of an amino acid or a peptide.