Rare-Earth Chalcogenides: A Large Family of Triangular Lattice Spin Liquid Candidates**Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under Grant Nos 2016YFA0300504, 2017YFA0302904 and 2016YFA0301001, and the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11774419, 11474357, 11822412, 11774423 and 11574394.

Abstract

Frustrated quantum magnets are expected to host many exotic quantum spin states like quantum spin liquid (QSL), and have attracted numerous interest in modern condensed matter physics. The discovery of the triangular lattice spin liquid candidate YbMgGaO4 stimulated an increasing attention on the rare-earth-based frustrated magnets with strong spin-orbit coupling. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a large family of rare-earth chalcogenides AReCh2 (A = alkali or monovalent ions, Re = rare earth, Ch = O, S, Se). The family compounds share the same structure (R3̄m) as YbMgGaO4, and antiferromagnetically coupled rare-earth ions form perfect triangular layers that are well separated along the c-axis. Specific heat and magnetic susceptibility measurements on NaYbO2, NaYbS2 and NaYbSe2 single crystals and polycrystals, reveal no structural or magnetic transition down to 50 mK. The family, having the simplest structure and chemical formula among the known QSL candidates, removes the issue on possible exchange disorders in YbMgGaO4. More excitingly, the rich diversity of the family members allows tunable charge gaps, variable exchange coupling, and many other advantages. This makes the family an ideal platform for fundamental research of QSLs and its promising applications.