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Abstract
The potential of nondestructive prediction of egg freshness based on near-infrared (NIR) spectra fingerprints would be beneficial to quality control officers and consumers alike. In this study, handheld NIR spectrometer in the range of 740 nm to 1070 nm and chemometrics were used to simultaneously determine egg freshness based on marked date of lay for eggs stored under cold and ambient conditions. The spectra acquired from the eggs were preprocessed using multiplicative scatter correction and principal component analysis (MSC-PCA). Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to build identification model to predict the category of freshness, while partial least square regression (PLS-R) was used to determine the marked date of lay. The performance of LDA model was above 95% identification rate in both calibration and prediction set for the eggs stored under ambient and cold storage. For eggs stored in ambient storage, LDA had 95.54% identification rate at 5 principal components, while at cold storage LDA has 100% identification rate at 5 principal components for determining the marked date of lay, and partial least square regression (PLS-R) gave R = 0.87 and RMSEI = 2.57 for ambient storage and R = 0.88 and RMSEI = 2.66 for cold storage in independent set, respectively. The results show that handheld spectrometer and multivariate analysis could be used for rapid and nondestructive measurement of egg freshness. This provides a novel solution for egg integrity prediction along the value chain.
Highlights
Chicken egg is the most popular type of egg among the poultry family worldwide
120 fresh red intact eggs were sampled from Lohnman Brown layer strain aged between 36 and 64 weeks directly from the School of Agriculture teaching and research farm of the University of Cape Coast in the Central region of Ghana and transported to the research laboratory for further analysis. e samples were divided into two: one part is that 60 eggs were stored in the cold storage of 4°C, using tabletop fridge, while the other (60 eggs) was stored in ambient temperature (28°C) with a relative humidity of 70%
For eggs stored in cold storage condition, Haugh unit (HU) values do not correspond directly to freshness or duration in storage. is information revealed, that classifying and predicting the storage duration of eggs under well-defined storage category provide useful information to consumers
Summary
Chicken egg is the most popular type of egg among the poultry family worldwide. It is consumed by a wide range of people globally as it cuts across people of different socioeconomic strata. Little or no work has been done using portable NIR spectroscopy for simultaneous classification and prediction of the freshness of egg under different storage conditions to represent marked date of lay. Is current study, which is the first in Ghana and West Africa, aims at developing a novel rapid nondestructive and simultaneous detection of egg freshness and marked date of lay of eggs in two different storage conditions by using a portable NIR spectrometer coupled with multivariate algorithms.
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