Abstract
The Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to study the genetic diversity and relationships within the collection of the Czech National Plant Genetic Resources (PGR) of peaches (Prunus persica L.). The aim of the work was to elaborate a dendrogram of genetic similarity and to divide collection into clusters. 46 primers were applied to 6 cultivars differing in the place of origin, the fruit shape, the fruit colour, and in some other morphological characteristics. 12 primers were chosen which gave polymorphic repeatable strong and middle strong bands. They were subsequently used for the RAPD reactions within the whole collection of peaches. The selected RAPD primers distinguished 28 peach cultivars and RAPD data were used to group the accessions analysed. Almonds and peach × almond hybrids were clearly separated in the frame of the whole collection. The grouping corresponded to the botanical system, to the available information about pedigree, and to the cultivars description.  
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