Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of typified propolis and chlorhexidine mouthrinses on gingival health in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Sixty participants were randomized to 3 mouthrinse study groups: 1) 2% typified propolis (n = 20); 2) 0.12% chlorhexidine (n = 20), and 3) placebo (n = 20). Participants rinsed unsupervised twice a day for 28 days. The Papillary Bleeding Score (PBS) was measured on the mesio-buccal surfaces of all teeth at baseline and 28 days thereafter. Co-variance analysis was employed to compare PBS average values and the number of sites with PBS ≥ 2 among study groups. Sub-group analysis was further applied to participants who were < 40 years-old. The results show efficacy of propolis mouthrinse when comparing before and after treatment protocols significantly for a reduction of mean PBS scores. For younger participants propolis mouthrinse was superior to all groups in reducing mean PBS scores and significant when compared to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse. The efficacy of 2% typified propolis mouthrinse was demonstrated in reducing the levels of gingival inflammation. These results need to be duplicated by other investigators under similar study protocols.
Highlights
The use of oral rinses for preventing and controling of gingivitis has been recommended in the repertoire of oral hygiene procedures
The results show efficacy of propolis mouthrinse when comparing before and after treatment protocols significantly for a reduction of mean Papillary Bleeding Score (PBS) scores
For younger participants propolis mouthrinse was superior to all groups in reducing mean PBS scores and significant when compared to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse
Summary
The use of oral rinses for preventing and controling of gingivitis has been recommended in the repertoire of oral hygiene procedures. Chlorhexidine mouthrinses have been employed for promotion of gingival health over 45 years [1]. The efficacy of chlorhexidine mouthrinses in combating gingivits is well documented as meta-analysis studies have clearly demonstrated [2]. The therapeutic effects of propolis have been the subject of research over 100 years, and recent guidelines suggest its potential for use in the future [3]. One of the most studied applications of propolis worldwide has been in dentistry where scientific reports date back to 1952 [4]. There is not evidence of the therapeutic effects of propolis in dentistry, and rarely in medicine, with the use of randomized clinical trials employing rigorous methodology
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