Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the possible radioprotective effect of Costus speciosus and carnosine as natural antioxidants in order to control the hyperglycemia developed in male albino rats exposed to acute oxidative stress induced by gamma radiation.
 Methods: Twenty-eight adult male albino rats were divided into four groups. The first group was taken as a control group, while the three other groups were exposed to Ɣ irradiation at a single 7.5 Gy dose. Furthermore, the rats in the second and third groups were i.p. injected with Costus speciosus root powder and carnosine, respectively. On the 3rd day, after irradiation, the serum levels of glucose, insulin, C peptide, copper, iron, calcium, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measureded.
 Results: The results revealed that exposure to Ɣ irradiation induced significant increases in serum glucose, iron, and malondialdehyde. However, the levels of serum calcium, copper, total antioxidant capacity and insulin significantly decreased (p < 0.05). A significant decrease was observed in Cpeptide in the exposed group, compared to control group. All the test parameters indicate improvement after treatment with Costus speciosus and carnosine (p < 0.05).
 Conclusion: Costus speciosus and carnosine ameliorate the effect of gamma radiation, indicating their role as antidiabetic agents and radioprotectors; however, Costus speciosus was critically more efficient than carnosine.
 Keywords: Costus speciosus, Carnosine, Diabetes, Insulin, Gamma radiation protection
Highlights
Over a long period of time, much interest has been devoted to the management of diabetic disorders in order to find a selected folk remedy with a curative impact on diabetes mellitus
The exposed untreated group showed a significant increase in serum glucose when compared to the healthy control and exposed treated groups, whereas the Costus speciosus Treated Group showed an insignificant difference when compared to the unexposed control group
With respect to serum copper, it was significantly decreased in the exposed untreated and treated groups as compared to the unexposed control group. It was significantly increased in the exposed treated groups as compared to the exposed untreated group
Summary
Over a long period of time, much interest has been devoted to the management of diabetic disorders in order to find a selected folk remedy with a curative impact on diabetes mellitus. For all the above-mentioned benefits of Costus speciosus and carnosine, they were selected to control hyperglycemia developed in the rats exposed to acute oxidative stress via gamma radiation. Group 3 (Exposed + Costus): one hour before 6 Gy gamma irradiation, i.p was injected with C speciosus equivalent to 375 mg/kg. Serum insulin was significantly decreased in the Exposed Untreated Group when compared to the Exposed Treated groups (carnosine and Costus speciosus) and the control unexposed group. Insulin showed a significant decrease in both the exposed treated groups (carnosine and Costus speciosus) as compared with the Control Group (Figure 2). Serum iron showed an insignificant difference between the unexposed control and exposed treated groups (carnosine and Costus speciosus), whereas they experienced a significant decrease when compared to the exposed untreated group.
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