QUR’AN – THE ORIGINAL OF THE LAWS AND CONSTITUTIONS OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD

Abstract

Islamic law is one of the eldest and most common religious and legal systems in the world, including considerable part of world-legal culture. So studying the problems of islamic law is a very topical issue in the history of state and law of foreign countries requiring multilateral approach to its’ study. Today the reare processes of integration and interaction between countries in the world, so interest in studying the legal systems of other countries is not quenched, but rather increasingly intensified. This fully to the Islamic world. The article gives a detailed analysis of complexity, diversity and specificity of this phenomenon of the muslim legal system. It is a set off provisions which are sometimes unclear and orthodox worldview alien. Another feature consists in the fact that the main source of Islamic law is the Qur’an – the holy book of Islam and all muslims and especially important source of Islamic law, as the whole muslim civilization. It can’t be considered a systematic legal document. Only small part of the Qur’an applies the issues of legal relations of muslims and other believers. Most provisions are devoted to the issues of religion and Islamic morality . Among the rules governing the relationships of people, the Qur’an contains general provisions, which have abstracted form of religious and moral guidances that provide space for interpretation. A small number of specific rules of behavior occurred mainly in dealing specific conflicts by prophet or in response to questions. The Qur’an is undoubtedly the first source muslim law. Meanwhite, it is obvious that the provisions contained in it, in the legal status clearly insufficient to regulate all relations the arise between muslims, separate fundamental institutions of Islam, which are not even mention in the Qur’an. Today, only some scientists refer to the primary sources Moreover, this appeal is limited by a number of questions, an it is difficult imagine that a new theological legal school can be formed in time. However, based on these sources, as well as on the doctrine, muslim lawyers are trying to find the answer for solving current problems. The legal provisions of the Qur’an can be found in a number of its stanzas muslims lawyers call them, legal stanzas. Naturally that creating such a great value like the Qur’an, collection of statements, sermons, legends and legal provisions generally not thematically and chronologically organized, was not easy. Not by chance in the Qur’an is the appearance of this great written monument, repeatedly interpreted as unprecedented, miraculous. It should be noted that the Qur’an is a work that was created spontaneously, without any plan. Recordings of sermons, exhortations historical and religious stories and prophecies of Muhammad were made by accident and were a personal matter of his listeners.