Questionnaire on perception of physical activity by parents of Colombian children: A pilot study of validation and reliability

Perception Versus Reality: Awareness of Physical Activity Levels of British Children

Medical Hazards of Prolonged Sitting

Review Question/Objective The objective of this systematic review is to synthesise the best available evidence on the effectiveness of physical leisure time activities on glycaemic control in adult patients with diabetes type 2. The specific review question is: What is the effectiveness of physical leisure time activities on glycaemic control in patients with diabetes type 2? Types of participants This review will consider adults over 18 years old diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus according to 2003 American Diabetes Association criteria. Patients receiving oral or insulin medicine treatment will be considered for inclusion, regardless of severity of diabetes or other treatment regimes, but patients who had recently undergone serious operations or who had myocardial infarction, stroke, severe liver or kidney diseases, or any illness limiting participation in the physical activity program, or who were participating in a physical exercise program at the same time will be excluded from the study. Types of Interventions Regular physical leisure time activities for people with type 2 diabetes are defined as at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity (50-70% of maximum heart rate) per week, or at least 90 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity (>70% of maximum heart rate) per week.26 The minimum duration of the intervention will be at least two months. The review will include the following forms of moderate or vigorous leisure time activities: (1) tai chi exercise (2) walking (3) swimming (4) gardening (5) gigong (an ancient Chinese breathing exercise that combines aerobics, isometric, and isotonic movements and meditation) (6) jogging (7) riding a bicycle (8) dancing. Types of outcomes The outcome measures will include long-term and short-term glycaemic control indicators to reflect the patients’ immediate and two to three months blood sugar changing condition. Therefore, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) indicators will be included in this study.

A cross-sectional study with data from 403 users from public parks in Oeiras – Portugal was conducted to measure their amount of physical activity and sedentary behavior and investigate the distinct correlates associated with the chance of complying with the overall, moderate, and vigorous physical activity recommendations by the World Health Organization. We collected sociodemographic data, physical activity, sedentary behavior, the prevalence of disease, amount and quality of sleep, subjective well-being, where and with whom they live, and the usual way of commuting. Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression models were used, and the results indicated that 75.2% of the Oeiras’ public park users met the overall physical activity guidelines from the World Health Organization and accumulated 315 min/day (±165) of sedentary behavior. Besides that, the main correlates associated with a lower compliance to physical activity recommendations were a higher sedentary behavior (for total, moderate, and vigorous physical activity) and age (for total and vigorous physical activity), a lower education level (for total and moderate physical activity), lower sleep quality (only for moderate physical activity), and ‘seeming sad’ at the moment of the interview (for total, moderate, and vigorous physical activity).

The purpose of this study was to examine the physical activity of parents of young children with disabilities and the effect of physical activity enjoyment on those physical activity behaviors. 135 participants completed an online survey which included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and the physical activity enjoyment questionnaire. Mean metabolic equivalent-minutes per week for moderate physical activity was 747.00 (SD: 747.25) and for vigorous physical activity was 654.68 (SD: 992.84). 33% of participants reported zero minutes per week of both moderate and vigorous physical activity. Two separate multiple linear regressions indicated that physical activity enjoyment was a significant predictor for both moderate physical activity (β = 0.26, p = 0.002) and vigorous physical activity (β = 0.31, p < 0.001) after controlling for the ages of parent and child. The results of this study suggest that parents of young children with disabilities who participated in physical activity were moderately physically active, but a considerable number of parents of young children with disabilities did not participate in moderate and vigorous physical activity at all. Fortunately, targeting physical activity enjoyment may be a way to promote physical activity in parents of young children with disabilities.

To investigate associations between self-reported and objectively measured physical activity, sedentary behavior and overweight/obesity based on percent body fat measured with Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio and body mass index, focusing on different intensities and domains of physical activity. Data from NHANES 2003-2006 were analyzed using linear and ordered logistic regression analyses. A total of 4794 individuals aged 18-69 years with valid physical activity and DXA data were included. Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed using accelerometers, self-reported physical activity using the NHANES physical activity questionnaire. Weight, height, WC and DXA measures were assessed in the mobile examination centers. We observed statistically significant associations between objectively measured moderate and vigorous physical activity and all definitions of overweight/obesity. For total physical activity, the odds of being in the higher percent body fat category were 0.56 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41, 0.77) for the medium and 0.30 (95% CI 0.22, 0.40) for the highest physical activity tertile compared with the lowest. For light activities, lifestyle activities and sedentary behavior, associations were only observed in the linear models with percent total body fat but not in the ordered logistic regression models. Regarding self-reported physical activity, consistent significant associations with overweight/obesity were only observed for vigorous and for transport activity. Regarding moderate and vigorous physical activity, more active individuals were less affected by overweight/obesity than less active individuals, emphasizing the public health effect of physical activity in the prevention of overweight/obesity. The fact that associations were more consistent for objectively measured than for self-reported physical activity may be due to bias related to self-reporting. Associations between lower intensity activities and overweight/obesity were weak or inexistent.

BackgroundAccurate objective assessment of sedentary and physical activity behaviours during childhood is integral to the understanding of their relation to later health outcomes, as well as to documenting the frequency and distribution of physical activity within a population.PurposeTo calibrate the Actigraph GT1M accelerometer, using energy expenditure (EE) as the criterion measure, to define thresholds for sedentary behaviour and physical activity categories suitable for use in a large scale epidemiological study in young children.MethodsAccelerometer-based assessments of physical activity (counts per minute) were calibrated against EE measures (kcal.kg−1.hr−1) obtained over a range of exercise intensities using a COSMED K4b2 portable metabolic unit in 53 seven-year-old children. Children performed seven activities: lying down viewing television, sitting upright playing a computer game, slow walking, brisk walking, jogging, hopscotch and basketball. Threshold count values were established to identify sedentary behaviour and light, moderate and vigorous physical activity using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsEE was significantly associated with counts for all non-sedentary activities with the exception of jogging. Threshold values for accelerometer counts (counts.minute−1) were <100 for sedentary behaviour and ≤2240, ≤3840 and ≥3841 for light, moderate and vigorous physical activity respectively. The area under the ROC curves for discrimination of sedentary behaviour and vigorous activity were 0.98. Boundaries for light and moderate physical activity were less well defined (0.61 and 0.60 respectively). Sensitivity and specificity were higher for sedentary (99% and 97%) and vigorous (95% and 91%) than for light (60% and 83%) and moderate (61% and 76%) thresholds.ConclusionThe accelerometer cut points established in this study can be used to classify sedentary behaviour and to distinguish between light, moderate and vigorous physical activity in children of this age.

BackgroundLifestyle sport activities (e.g. parkour or skateboarding) are considered attractive and beneficial for a long-term commitment to physical activity (PA) and might be a great opportunity for adolescents who do not feel comfortable in an organized or competitive atmosphere. The purpose of the study was to assess whether participation in lifestyle activities is associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), out-of-school vigorous physical activity (VPA), and sedentary behaviour in adolescents aged 10–15 years, with major demographic variables (sex, age, socioeconomic status) being taken into account.MethodsData from a research project linked to the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey collected in 2017 in the Czech Republic was used. The sample consisted of 679 participants (303 of them girls) and was selected by quota sampling. Chi-square tests were used to assess differences in involvement in lifestyle activities according to sex, grade, and socioeconomic status. Ordinal and linear regression models were used to analyse the associations of participation in lifestyle activities and selected energy balance-related behaviours.ResultsParticipation in lifestyle sport activities was significantly associated with a higher level of physical activity (MVPA and out-of-school VPA) after adjustment for sociodemographic factors, as was participation in organized sport. No significant associations were shown for sedentary behaviour.ConclusionsAdolescents participating in lifestyle sport activities report being more physically active and, in case of doing multiple such activities concurrently, also spending less time sitting than their peers not involved in lifestyle sport activities. As such, lifestyle sport activities seem to represent a feasible way of increasing overall PA level in adolescent population.

Objective: The objective was to examine differences in physical activity, sitting time and perceptions of physical activity and health between Pokémon Go users and nonusers at baseline (launch of the application in the United Kingdom) and 3-month follow-up. Materials and Methods: The self-administered, short version of the 7-day recall, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, was adapted to develop the "Physical Activity and Pokémon Go questionnaire," which was distributed using social media. Four weeks after the launch of the application, 461 participants (n = 193 male, n = 265 female, n = 3 transgender) had completed the questionnaire. At 3-month follow-up, 127 participants repeated the questionnaire. Results: At baseline, mixed models analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed main effects for Pokémon Go users versus nonusers in the amount of days of vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, and walking (All P < 0.01). Users reported that they undertook less days of vigorous physical activity than nonusers, but more days of moderate physical activity and walking. There were no differences in body mass index, minutes of vigorous or moderate physical activity, and walking, or sitting on weekdays (All P > 0.05). Repeated measures ANOVA identified increased sitting on weekdays (P < 0.05), but maintained vigorous, moderate and walking physical activity behaviors in users who remained users. Conclusion: Pokémon Go use can increase the frequency of days of physical activity benefitting health. Users at both time points maintained their physical activity behaviour, but increased sitting time on weekdays, highlighting that another intervention to prevent sitting is needed.

Introduction Emerging evidence suggests that vigorous physical activity may be associated with greater cardioprotective and metabolic benefits than moderate physical activity, but this topic requires further study. Furthermore, no longitudinal study has investigated the combined effect of the Mediterranean diet and the intensity of physical activity on mortality and cardiovascular disease.. Objective This study aims to evaluate the long-term relationship betweenthe intensity of physical activity and the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in a prospective cohort study. We also intend to assess the individual and combined effects of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and intensity of physical activity on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease. Methods and design The Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Project comprises Spanish university graduates. When evaluating the incidence of metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular disease, we excluded participants with any component of metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular disease prior to study entry. We estimated the mean intensity of leisuretime physical activity using a validated questionnaire. An 8-item score was also constructed to assess an active lifestyle. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was obtained from a validated 136-item food frequency questionnaire and we used two validated dietary scores. The association between intensity of leisure-time physical activity and metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, stroke, and death from cardiovascular causes) was evaluated with logistic regression models or Cox proportional hazards models respectively, adjusting for total energy expenditure and other confounding factors. In addition, multivariable Cox regression models were used to study the individual and combined effect of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, intensity of physical activity, and an active lifestyle on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease. 4 Results Among 10,145 participants without any criteria for metabolic syndrome, 412 new cases of metabolic syndrome were observed. Vigorous physical activity was associated with a 37% relatively lower risk (Adjusted OR=0.63, 95% CI=0.44, 0.89) compared with light activity, independent of the total energy expenditure and with a linear trend. During 172,299 person-years of follow-up, we recorded 127 cases of cardiovascular disease. Vigorous physical activity was associated with a 69% relatively lower risk (Adjusted HR=0.31, 95% CI=0.12, 0.79) compared with inactivity, independent of the total energy expenditure and with a linear trend. During a median follow-up of 10.3 years, we recorded 305 deaths. Participants with an active lifestyle and greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet had lower mortality (adjusted HR=0.39, 95% CI=0.21, 0.72), and when intensity was added to this combination, its power protective was even greater (adjusted HR=0.33, 95% CI=0.15, 0.71). Likewise, when analyzing joint exposure to the Mediterranean diet and an active lifestyle or intensity of physical activity, the greatest benefit was related to greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet and a more active lifestyle or vigorous physical activity, respectively. In any case, although there is a synergy, a multiplicative interaction between the Mediterranean diet and the intensity of physical activity was not found. Conclusions In the SUN cohort, given the same level of energy expenditure, respondents who engage in vigorous leisure-time physical activity have a lower risk of developing metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. In the SUN cohort, the combined effect of Mediterranean diet adherence and physical activity intensity had synergistic effects on mortality and cardiovascular disease risk reduction.

Raising a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is demanding, and parents of children with ASD are speculated to have challenges in mental health, such as anxiety and depression. Regular physical activity (PA) participation, such as meeting the 150 minutes per week moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) guideline, is recommended for physical and mental health benefits; however, little is known about the PA levels in parents of children with ASD. PURPOSE: To examine the current PA levels and mental health status (i.e., anxiety and depression) among parents of children with ASD. METHODS: A secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). We identified 139 parents of children with ASD (66.9% mothers; Mage = 41.19 ± 8.7) and 4470 parents of children with no disability (59.8% mothers; Mage = 38.82 ± 8.8). Their PA levels (meeting the 150 minutes per week MVPA guideline; frequency of light-to-moderate PA, vigorous PA, and strengthening PA), anxiety, and depression were analyzed. Weighted logistic and ordinal regression analyses were conducted on PA levels, anxiety, and depression between parents of children with ASD and parents of children with no disability, after controlling for age, sex, race, family income, and medication use for anxiety and depression. RESULTS: Parents of children with ASD were significantly less likely to meet the MVPA guideline compared to parents of children with no disability (50.7% vs. 58.8%; aOR = .729 p < .001). Meanwhile, parents of children with ASD had significantly lower odds in vigorous PA (aOR = .706, p < .001) and strengthening PA (aOR = .884, p < .001) but both groups were similar in light-to-moderate PA (aOR = 1.001, p > .05). Compared to parents of children with no disability, parents of children with ASD had two times and four times higher rates of experiencing daily anxiety and depression, respectively. Parents of children with ASD reported significantly higher odds of feelings of anxiety (aOR = 1.521, p < .001) and depression (aOR = 1.923, p = < .001). CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals the lower levels of PA and higher risks of anxiety and depression in parents of children with ASD. It underscores the need to provide PA and mental health support for this parent population in the United States. Supported by Office of Special Education Program: H325H190001

Child Obesity Can Be Reduced With Vigorous Activity Rather Than Restriction of Energy Intake

Incidental physical activity as part of daily living may offer feasibility advantages over traditional exercise. We examined the joint associations of incidental physical activity and sedentary behaviour with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) risk. Analyses included 22 368 non-exercising adults from the UK Biobank accelerometry sub-study (median age [IQR]: 62.9 [11.6] years; 41.8% male). Physical activity and sedentary behaviour exposures were derived using a machine learning-based intensity and posture classification schema. We assessed the tertile-based joint associations of sedentary behaviour and the following: a) incidental vigorous (VPA), b) incidental moderate to vigorous (MVPA), c) vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA; bouts lasting up to 1 min), and d) moderate to vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (MV-ILPA; bouts lasting up to 3 min) with MACE risk. Over an 8.0-year median follow-up, 819 MACE events occurred. Compared to the highest physical activity and lowest sedentary time, high sedentary behaviour (>11.4 h/day) with low incidental VPA (<2.1 min/day) had an HR of 1.34 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.84) and low incidental MVPA (<21.8 min/day) had a 1.89 HR (95% CI: 1.42, 2.52) for MACE. Sedentary behaviour was not associated with MACE at medium and high levels of VPA or VILPA. Completing 4.1 min/day of VPA or VILPA may offset the MACE risk associated with high sedentary behaviour. Conversely, 31-65 min of incidental MVPA or 26-52 min of MV-ILPA per day largely attenuated the associations with MACE. Brief intermittent bursts of vigorous incidental physical activity may offset cardiovascular risks from high sedentary behaviour. Literature to date has examined the role of total or leisure time physical activity in mitigating the health risks associated with high sedentary behaviour. However, the vast majority of adults achieve their daily physical activity incidentally through day-to-day activities. In this study of 22 368 adults from the UK Biobank accelerometry sub-study, we provide the first investigation into whether a) incidental vigorous (VPA), b) incidental moderate to vigorous (MVPA), c) vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA; bouts lasting up to 1 min), and d) moderate to vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (MV-ILPA; bouts lasting up to 3 min) completed through normal daily living can offset the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) associated with high sedentary behaviour (>11.4 h per day). We demonstrate that incidental VPA and MVPA may offset the MACE risk associated with high-sedentary behaviour even if accrued in brief bursts lasting <3 min. Completing 4.1 min/day of VPA or VILPA may offset the MACE risk associated with high sedentary behaviour.A daily duration of 31-65 min of incidental MVPA or 26-52 min of MV-ILPA per day largely attenuated the associations with MACE.

BACKGROUND: Moderate or high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in men and women. Prolonged sedentary time (ST) is independently associated with deleterious health outcomes and all-cause mortality. In contrast, light, moderate and vigorous, as well as combined moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with reduced incidence of major chronic diseases and CVD. PURPOSE: To compare CRF, selected CVD risk factors, sedentary behaviour and physical activity levels between male and female college students, and to examine the relation between CRF and sedentary behaviour and physical activity levels. METHODS: Fifty six third level students (mean ± SD; age = 22.93 ± 5.9 years, 62.5% male) participated in this study. Body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, blood pressure, and estimated maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) were assessed. Body fat was assessed using skinfold callipers, blood pressure following 5 minutes of rest, and VO2max was estimated from a 20m shuttle run test. Accelerometers were used to assess sedentary behaviour and physical activity levels over a 9 day period. RESULTS: Waist circumference (p<0.001),weight (p<0.05), systolic blood pressure (p<0.001)and VO2max (p<.001) were significantly higher and percent body fat (p<0.05) was significantly lower in males than females. There was no significant difference in sedentary behaviour or minutes of daily light, moderate, or vigorous physical activity or MVPA between males and females. There was a significant relation between VO2max and minutes of daily moderate (p=0.05; r=0.32), vigorous (p=0.05; r=0.32)physical activity and MVPA (p=0.019; r=0.39). CONCLUSIONS: Males had significantly greater waist circumference, weight, systolic blood pressure, and VO2max and significantly lower percent body fat than females. There was no difference in sedentary behaviour or minutes of daily light, moderate, or vigorous physical activity or MVPA between males and females. VO2max accounted for only 11-14% of the variability in moderate-to-vigorous activity levels.

Introduction: Parental perceptions have an important role in the development of positive health behaviors in children. It is known that families’ physical activity beliefs are directly related to children’s physical activity behaviors. Physical activity levels of families may affect their perception of physical activity. This study aims to investigate of the relationship between physical activity level and physical activity perception of families of children with neurodevelopmental disorder. Materials and Methods: Parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders between the ages of 2 and 6 were included in the study. Families’ characteristics, such as age, gender, income status and education level were determined by the sociodemographic form. International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to determine the physical activity level of the parents, and the Parent Perceptions of Physical Activity Scale was used to measure their perceptions of physical activity. Results: A total of 83 parents, 62 mothers and 21 fathers with a mean age of 36.47±6.14 years were included in the study. physical activity levels of the parents were 23.3% in the inactive category, 54.7% in the minimal active category and 22.1% in the highly active category. It was concluded that there was a weak level of positive correlation between the physical activity levels of the parents and the total results of physical activity perceptions (p=0.04, r=0.224) and physical activity benefits (p=0.04, r=0.219). Conclusion: It was defined that there was a low level of relationship between the families’ physical activity levels and their perceptions of physical activity. Improving parents’ perception of physical activity can also positively affect children’s physical activity behaviors. Keywords: Child, family, neurodevelopmental disorder, parents, physical activity