Abstract
Medicinal uses and applications of metals and their complexes are of increasing clinical and commercial importance. The ligation behavior of quercetin (Q), which is a flavonoid, and its Zn (II) (Q/Zn) complex were studied and characterized based on elemental analysis, molar conductance, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, electronic spectra, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FTIR spectral data revealed that Q acts as a bidentate ligand (chelating ligand) through carbonyl C(4) = O oxygen and phenolic C(3)–OH oxygen in conjugation with Zn. Electronic, FTIR, and 1H-NMR spectral data revealed that the Q/Zn complex has a distorted octahedral geometry, with the following chemical formula: [Zn(Q)(NO3)(H2O)2].5H2O. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. A total of 70 male albino rats were divided into seven groups: control, diabetic untreated group and diabetic groups treated with either MSCs and/or Q and/or Q/Zn or their combination. Serum insulin, glucose, C-peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels were determined. Pancreatic and lung histology and TEM for pancreatic tissues in addition to gene expression of both SOD and CAT in pulmonary tissues were evaluated. MSCs in combination with Q/Zn therapy exhibited potent protective effects against STZ induced hyperglycemia and suppressed oxidative stress, genotoxicity, glycometabolic disturbances, and structural alterations. Engrafted MSCs were found inside pancreatic tissue at the end of the experiment. In conclusion, Q/Zn with MSC therapy produced a synergistic effect against oxidative stress and genotoxicity and can be considered potential ameliorative therapy against diabetes with pulmonary dysfunction, which may benefit against COVID-19.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is highly prevalent, becoming an important global public health concern, in recent times
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications [21]
We propose the potential role of the novel Q/Zn complex in combination with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in protecting patients with diabetes and cardiac complications, This strengthens the role of the novel Q/Zn complex in improving blood pressure, which was greatly appeared in 3D ECG that was clearly appeared by low oxidative stress and appearance of normal heart beats, normal level of blood glucose, and LDL cholesterol serum level
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is highly prevalent, becoming an important global public health concern, in recent times. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease likely caused by defective insulin secretion and more likely by oxidative injury and dysfunction of β cells [1]. With the emergence of an increasing number of silent killer viruses such as coronavirus 2 (SARS-coV-2) that duplicated diabetes mellitus risk especially in patients with pulmonary dysfunction. World Health Organization (WHO) reported in March 2020, SARS-coV-2 is the underlying pathogen of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. This disease is characterized by the primary symptoms of fever and severe pneumonia [3] and represents a serious threat to patients with diabetes. Highly effective therapies that can improve insulin sensitivity; promote pancreatic β cell survival, regeneration, and functions; and enhance immunity would be beneficial to this patient population, in the current time
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