Abstract
We explored whether the combination of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory guava (Psidium guajava) and trehalose treatment protects the kidney and pancreas against Type II diabetes (T2DM)-induced injury in rats. We measured the active component of guava juice by HPLC analysis. T2DM was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of nicotinamide and streptozotocin and combination with high fructose diets for 8 weeks. The rats fed with different dosages of guava juice in combination with or without trehalose for 4 weeks were evaluated the parameters including OGTT, plasma insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR (insulin resistance) and HOMA-β (β cell function and insulin secretion). We measured oxidative and inflammatory degrees by immunohistochemistry stain, fluorescent stain, and western blot and serum and kidney reactive oxygen species (ROS) by a chemiluminescence analyzer. High content of quercetin in the guava juice scavenged H2O2 and HOCl, whereas trehalose selectively reduced H2O2, not HOCl. T2DM affected the levels in OGTT, plasma insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β, whereas these T2DM-altered parameters, except HbA1c, were significantly improved by guava and trehalose treatment. The levels of T2DM-enhanced renal ROS, 4-hydroxynonenal, caspase-3/apoptosis, LC3-B/autophagy and IL-1β/pyroptosis were significantly decreased by guava juice and trehalose. The combination with trehalose and guava juice protects the pancreas and kidney against T2DM-induced injury.
Highlights
Type II diabetes (T2DM), a kind of metabolic disorder, has become a major problem in a growing number of patients and is showing increasing prevalence both in developed and developing countries [1,2,3,4].The impairment in insulin secretion by β-cell dysfunction and insulin action by increased insulin resistance contributes to T2DM-induced hyperglycemia [5]
Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by an abnormal level (30 mg/day or 20 g/min) of albumin in urine subsequently leading to proteinuria and end-stage renal failure [8]
The guava juice used in this study was prepared from two kinds of guava harvested in Taiwan, Thailand guava (G1) and pearl guava (G2)
Summary
Type II diabetes (T2DM), a kind of metabolic disorder, has become a major problem in a growing number of patients and is showing increasing prevalence both in developed and developing countries [1,2,3,4]. Increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) which augment oxidative stress in the tissues are generated by hyperglycemia-induced toxicity [6]. Oxidative stress has been considered to be the major factor in diabetic nephropathy Both intracellular and extracellular hyperglycemia leads to ROS generation and causes tissue damage. Guava extracts could decrease ROS, interlukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interlukin-1β levels in type 1 diabetic mice kidney [10]. Trehalose is a natural disaccharide present in a wide variety of organisms, including plants, bacteria, yeast, and invertebrates [15]. This sugar provides protection in cells against environment stress, such as heat, cold, desiccation, dehydration, and oxidation by preventing protein denaturation [16]. The goal was to explore the effects and mechanisms of guava juice combined with trehalose on the pathophysiology of kidney and pancreas in rats with T2DM
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