Quantum Information Theory: Towards the Paradigm of Cognition, the Theory

This article examines the main ideas of the metaphysics of the prominent American logician and philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce.It is shown that a significant part of his "scientific metaphysics" is evolutionary cosmology, characterized, in particular, by the essential role of randomness in the world.Among the innovative ideas of evolutionary cosmology, the idea of the chaotic beginning of the Universe and constructive understanding of randomness stands out.The paper shows that this idea echoes some modern problems of quantum-relativistic cosmology, and first of all, the problems of the still popular "inflationary model," in which the idea of the chaotic beginning of the evolution of the Universe is one of the central ones.

This article examines the main ideas of the metaphysics of the prominent American logician and philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce.It is shown that a significant part of his "scientific metaphysics" is evolutionary cosmology, characterized, in particular, by the essential role of randomness in the world.Among the innovative ideas of evolutionary cosmology, the idea of the chaotic beginning of the Universe and constructive understanding of randomness stands out.The paper shows that this idea echoes some modern problems of quantum-relativistic cosmology, and first of all, the problems of the still popular "inflationary model," in which the idea of the chaotic beginning of the evolution of the Universe is one of the central ones.

This article examines the main ideas of the metaphysics of the prominent American logician and philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce.It is shown that a significant part of his "scientific metaphysics" is evolutionary cosmology, characterized, in particular, by the essential role of randomness in the world.Among the innovative ideas of evolutionary cosmology, the idea of the chaotic beginning of the Universe and constructive understanding of randomness stands out.The paper shows that this idea echoes some modern problems of quantum-relativistic cosmology, and first of all, the problems of the still popular "inflationary model," in which the idea of the chaotic beginning of the evolution of the Universe is one of the central ones.

This article examines the main ideas of the metaphysics of the prominent American logician and philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce.It is shown that a significant part of his "scientific metaphysics" is evolutionary cosmology, characterized, in particular, by the essential role of randomness in the world.Among the innovative ideas of evolutionary cosmology, the idea of the chaotic beginning of the Universe and constructive understanding of randomness stands out.The paper shows that this idea echoes some modern problems of quantum-relativistic cosmology, and first of all, the problems of the still popular "inflationary model," in which the idea of the chaotic beginning of the evolution of the Universe is one of the central ones.

This article examines the main ideas of the metaphysics of the prominent American logician and philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce.It is shown that a significant part of his "scientific metaphysics" is evolutionary cosmology, characterized, in particular, by the essential role of randomness in the world.Among the innovative ideas of evolutionary cosmology, the idea of the chaotic beginning of the Universe and constructive understanding of randomness stands out.The paper shows that this idea echoes some modern problems of quantum-relativistic cosmology, and first of all, the problems of the still popular "inflationary model," in which the idea of the chaotic beginning of the evolution of the Universe is one of the central ones.

During the 1880s, Peirce began to develop a system of ‘scientific metaphysics’, an evolutionary cosmology that explains the evolution to a law‐governed external world from a state of pure possibility. This appeals to his ‘tychism’, the view that there is absolute chance, and provides a defence of his realism. The chapter explores the emergence of this theme in his work, asking why it is required by his beliefs about logic and how it is related to other themes in his writing.

Peirce's Scientific Metaphysics is the first book devoted to understanding Charles Sanders Peirce's (1839-1914) metaphysics from the perspective of the scientific questions that motivated his thinking. Deftly situating Peirce's often original and pathbreaking ideas within their appropriate historical and scientific contexts, Reynolds traces his reliance upon the law of large numbers, which illustrated for Peirce the emergence of a stable order and regularity from a multitude of chance events, throughout his writings on late nineteenth-century physics, chemistry, biology, psychology, and cosmology. Along the way, Peirce's vision of an indeterministic and evolutionary cosmology is contrasted with the thought of other important late nineteenth-century scientists and philosophers, such as James Clerk Maxwell, Ludwig Boltzmann, William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), Herbert Spencer, Charles Darwin, and Ernst Haeckel. While offering a detailed account of the scientific ideas and theories essential for understanding Peirce's metaphysical system (e.g., the irreversibility of time and the reversibility of physical laws, the statistical law of large numbers), this book is written in a manner accessible to the non-specialist. This will make it especially attractive to students of Peirce's philosophy who lack familiarity with the scientific and mathematical ideas that are so central to his thought. Those with an interest in the history and philosophy of science, especially concerning the application of statistical and probabilistic thinking to physics, chemistry, biology, psychology, and cosmology, will find this discussion of Peirce's philosophy invaluable.

Warm inflation has normalized two ideas in cosmology, that in the early universe the initial primordial density perturbations generally could be of classical rather than quantum origin and that during inflation, particle production from interactions amongst quantum field, and its backreaction effects, can occur concurrent with inflationary expansion. When we first introduced these ideas, both were met with resistance, but today they are widely accepted as possibilities with many models and applications based on them, which is an indication of the widespread influence of warm inflation. Open quantum field theory, which has been utilized in studies of warm inflation, is by now a relevant subject in cosmology, in part due to this early work. In this review I first discuss the basic warm inflation dynamics. I then outline how to compute warm inflation dynamics from first-principles quantum field theory (QFT) and in particular how a dissipative term arises. Warm inflation models can have an inflaton mass bigger than the Hubble scale and the inflaton field excursion can remain sub-Planckian, thus overcoming the most prohibitive problems of inflation model building. I discuss the early period of my work in developing warm inflation that helped me arrive at these important features of its dynamics. Inflationary cosmology today is immersed in hypothetical models, which by now are acting as a diversion from reaching any endgame in this field. I discuss better ways to approach model selection and give necessary requirements for a well constrained and predictive inflation model. A few warm inflation models are pointed out that could be developed to this extent. I discuss how, at this stage, more progress would be made in this subject by taking a broader view on the possible early universe solutions that include not just inflation but the diverse range of options.

Inflation theory provides solutions for problems in cosmology, such as horizon problem and flatness problem. The study of Gravitational waves production in cosmic inflation era not prove the general inflation theory, but also to differentiate in detail among specific models. In this research, we use inflation model with minimal, non-minimal, and non-minimal derivative coupling of scalar field without potential from Horndeski Theory. From this model, we calculate scalar and tensor perturbation equations and then obtain its equation of gravitational waves, spectral index for each perturbation mode and tensor-to-scalar ratio. Spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio nearly scale-invariant and agree with observational data for some Ho, ζ, and ξ. Gravitational waves remain constant during inflation and start oscillates when its modes enter the horizon. Energy of this gravitational waves is scale-invariant for modes that re-enter horizon during radiation dominated era and rises toward lower frequencies.

The article demonstrates how Charles Sanders Peirce built cosmological ideas based on the analysis of the specifics of a human being. It is proved that the possibility of a certain degree of anthropocentrism in Peirce’s cosmological conception was laid down in the categorical system, including the level of the Firstness, Secondness, and Thirdness. It is shown why according to his scientific metaphysics, for everyone, the concept that corresponds to human nature is more true than other ones, as well as why a person instinctively feels the truth. This situation is possible because the laws of thought are formulated in accordance with the laws of nature. Human nature reflects what is in the world. Thus, through self-knowledge, a person also discovers reality itself as a dynamic universe in which the physical and he mental, the real and the ideal are subject to the same laws (habits-regularities). However, human beings do not know all of them, but only those that correspond to the level of their understanding and interests. Subsequently, science and technology are built on the basis of individuals’ own intentions. Human beings realize that the universe is boundless and not everything they are able to understand and justify. This makes fallibilism inevitable. It is analyzed how to solve the difficulties of fallibilism; Peirce proposed to use the concept of practical certainty as a basic criterion for recognizing the system of knowledge about the world as true. It is shown that the concepts of tychism, synechism, and agapism, which reveal the meaning of Peirce’s cosmological theory of evolution, are also based on the principles of anthropocentrism and anthropomorphism. Thus, it is argued that human being becomes the key to understanding Peirce’s metaphysical cosmology.

We review a few off-the-beaten-track ideas in cosmology. They solve a variety of fundamental problems; also they are fun. We start with a description of non-singular dilaton cosmology. In these scenarios gravity is modified so that the Universe does not have a singular birth. We then present a variety of ideas mixing string theory and cosmology. These solve the cosmological problems usually solved by inflation, and furthermore shed light upon the issue of the number of dimensions of our Universe. We finally review several aspects of the varying speed of light theory. We show how the horizon, flatness, and cosmological constant problems may be solved in this scenario. We finally present a possible experimental test for a realization of this theory: a test in which the Supernovae results are to be combined with recent evidence for redshift dependence in the fine structure constant.

Readers of the New York Times over the past few years have variously learned that: the Big Bang is dead; dark matter isn’t cold; the Universe is bubbly, spongy, periodic, replete with Great Voids, Attractors and Walls. And every six months or so obituaries appear for the CDM model of cosmic structure formation. The observational evidence for the Hot Big Bang model, for dark matter, for the large scale structure of the Universe as revealed by galaxy surveys and for the very large scale structure as constrained by microwave background observations was thoroughly explored in After The First Three Minutes. From this meeting we learned that: The Hot Big Bang model is healthier than ever. There is evidence from IRAS surveys that Ω≳0.5, but from Big Bang nucleosynthesis that ΩB≥0.07, suggesting a great deal of nonbaryonic dark matter exists, which cannot be vacuum energy (nonzero Λ). There are fewer viable candidates for cold dark matter (CDM) after the LEP results from CERN, but searches are still promising. Hot dark matter in the form of light massive neutrinos got a boost from the MSW solution of the solar neutrino problem.The standard ‘‘biased’’ CDM model, the ‘minimal’ inflation model with adiabatic Gaussian scale invariant fluctuations and cold dark matter, probably should have been ‘unbiased’ in its primordial amplitude all along — although some galaxy types and their relative velocities would be biased. The indications for extra density fluctuation power on large scales over that of the ‘minimal’ CDM model continue to firm up. The emerging dilemma is what can give the observed large scale structure, and yet such CMB isotropy on slightly larger scales. The key clue may reside in cosmological background radiation. All wavebands are being experimentally mined to unearth it. Energy injection models with hot gas or dust are already under pressure in the sub‐mm. The recuring invocation of the cosmological constant to solve our cosmological problems causes theorists to either shudder from the extreme fine tuning required or hope that resolution of the greatest unsolved mystery in physics will clarify our cosmology.

The detection of B-mode shows a very powerful constraint to theoretical inflation models through the measurement of the tensor-to-scalar ratio r. Higgs boson is the most likely candidate of the inflaton field. But usually, Higgs inflation models predict a small value of r, which is not quite consistent with the recent results from BICEP2. In this paper, we explored whether a cosmological constant energy component is needed to improve the situation. And we found the answer is yes. For the so-called Higgs chaotic inflation model with a quadratic potential, it predicts r≈0.2, ns≈0.96 with e-folds number N≈56, which is large enough to overcome the problems such as the horizon problem in the Big Bang cosmology. The required energy scale of the cosmological constant is roughly Λ∼(1014 GeV)2, which means a mechanism is still needed to solve the fine-tuning problem in the later time evolution of the universe, e.g. by introducing some dark energy component.

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewAndrew Reynolds. Peirce’s Scientific Metaphysics: The Philosophy of Chance, Law, and Evolution. (Vanderbilt Library of American Philosophy.) xii+228 pp., bibl., index. Nashville, Tenn.: Vanderbilt University Press, 2002. $45 (cloth).Oscar R. Martí Oscar R. Martí Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Isis Volume 94, Number 4December 2003 Publication of the History of Science Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/386509 Views: 12Total views on this site PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

In superstring theories, there exist various dilaton and modulus fields which masses are expected to be of the order of the gravitino mass $m_{3/2}$. These fields lead to serious cosmological difficulties, so called ``cosmological moduli problem'', because a large number of moduli particles are produced as the coherent oscillations after the primordial inflation. We make a comprehensive study whether the thermal inflation can solve the cosmological moduli problem in the whole modulus mass region $m_\phi \sim 10 eV - 10^4 GeV$ predicted by both hidden sector supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking and gauge-mediated SUSY breaking models. In particular, we take into account the primordial inflation model whose reheating temperature is so low that its reheating process finishes after the thermal inflation ends. We find that the above mass region $m_\phi (\simeq m_{3/2}) \sim 10 eV - 10^4 GeV$ survives from various cosmological constraints in the presence of the thermal inflation.