Abstract
In general, geospatial data can be divided into two formats, raster and vector formats. A raster consists of a matrix of cells where each cell contains a value representing quantitative information, such as temperature, vegetation intensity, land use/cover, elevation, etc. A vector data consists of points, lines and polygons representing location or distance or area of landscape features in graphical forms. Many raster data are derived from remote sensing techniques using sophisticated sensors by quantitative approach and many vector data are generated from GIS processes by qualitative approach. Among them, land use/cover data is frequently used in many GIS analyses and spatial modeling processes. However, proper use of quantitative and qualitative geospatial data is important in spatial modeling and decision making. In this article, we discuss common geospatial data formats, their origins and proper use in spatial modelling and decision making processes.
Highlights
The common forms of geospatial data presented in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis are either raster or vector
Many raster data are derived from remote sensing techniques using sophisticated sensors by quantitative approach and many vector data are generated from GIS processes by qualitative approach
Many raster data are derived from remote sensing techniques using sophisticated sensors and many vector data are generated from GIS processes such as point data collection from field surveys, lines and polygons generated from secondary conversion of heads-up/on-screen digitizing on paper maps or high resolution satellite images
Summary
The common forms of geospatial data presented in GIS analysis are either raster or vector. Many raster data are derived from remote sensing techniques using sophisticated sensors and many vector data are generated from GIS processes such as point data collection from field surveys, lines and polygons generated from secondary conversion of heads-up/on-screen digitizing on paper maps or high resolution satellite images. Land use/cover data is frequently used in GIS analysis and spatial modelling Another form of land use/cover is vector format (i.e., polygon) and this is generally converted from paper maps or heads-up/on-screen digitizing of high spatial resolution satellite images. In this approach, each polygon represents an area with the same land use properties or activeties or ownership, and this is assumed as qualitative data. We will discuss common geospatial data formats, their origins and proper use in spatial modelling and decision making
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