Abstract
Blast disease is one of the major rice diseases, and causes nearly 30% annual yield loss worldwide. Resistance genes that have been cloned, however, are effective only against specific strains. In cultivation practice, broad-spectrum resistance to various strains is highly valuable, and requires researchers to investigate the basal defense responses that are effective for diverse types of pathogens. In this study, we took a quantitative proteomic approach and identified 634 rice proteins responsive to infections by both Magnaporthe oryzae strains Guy11 and JS153. These two strains have distinct pathogenesis mechanisms. Therefore, the common responding proteins represent conserved basal defense to a broad spectrum of blast pathogens. Gene ontology analysis indicates that the “responding to stimulus” biological process is explicitly enriched, among which the proteins responding to oxidative stress and biotic stress are the most prominent. These analyses led to the discoveries of OsPRX59 and OsPRX62 that are robust callose inducers, and OsHSP81 that is capable of inducing both ROS production and callose deposition. The identified rice proteins and biological processes may represent a conserved rice innate immune machinery that is of great value for breeding broad-spectrum resistant rice in the future.
Highlights
Rice is the staple food that feeds about one third of the world population
By applying the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) method, we found that both Guy11 and JS153 typically induce proteins involved in biological processes such as “responses to oxidative stress” and “response to biotic stress”
To identify rice proteins that are potentially involved in defense against rice blast disease, we employed the iTRAQ peptide labeling approach and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) that can determine the amount of proteins from different sources in a single experiment [12,13]
Summary
Rice is the staple food that feeds about one third of the world population. Rice blast disease is one of the major diseases threatening rice production, which is estimated to cause about 30% annual yield loss [1]. Due to its enormous economic importance, studying the interaction between rice and the causal agent of the rice blast disease, Magnaporthe oryzae, is of great scientific and economic significance. As more and more research has been focused on the mechanism governing this mutual interaction, the rice-M. oryzae system has become a model system of cereal plants and their fungal pathogens [2]. The recently discovered M. oryzae colonization of wheat [3] strengthened its significance. Plants are capable of defending themselves against various pathogens. The plant innate immune system is composed of multiple components located at both the plasma membrane and inside the cells. The receptors on the membrane sense the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) and initiate the PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Plants have evolved machinery that recognizes effectors and activates effector-triggered immunity (ETI). ETI is usually associated with massive gene expression reprogramming, including activation of defense-related genes, alteration of cellular redox status, and activation of phytohormone signaling pathways such as salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) [5]
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