Abstract

The relative proportions of the minerals in a series of slates from the Iberian Massif in northwestern Spain, quarried and used for roofing purposes, have been evaluated using X-ray powder diffraction and the Rietveld-based SIROQUANT data processing system. Information on the chemical composition of the chlorite, mica and feldspar in the slates was obtained separately from electron microprobe studies, and was used in conjunction with the mineral proportions to calculate an inferred chemical composition for each sample from the quantitative XRD data. The inferred compositions were then compared to the actual chemical compositions of the respective slate samples, obtained by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, to evaluate the consistency between the XRD results and independent chemical analysis data. A high level of consistency was observed between the element oxide percentages inferred from the XRD study and the equivalent oxide proportions determined by direct chemical analysis. The comparison suggests that Rietveld-based interpretation of X-ray powder diffraction data provides results that are consistent with other compositional parameters. Although no particular relationships were observed among the individual mineral percentages in the slates of the sample suite, a well-defined inverse relationship was found between the percentages of quartz plus feldspar on the one hand and the percentages of mica plus chlorite on the other. This may reflect variations in the relative proportions of coarse- and fine-grained sediment in the original parent materials that formed the slate deposits. Resumen Se han calculado las proporciones relativas de los diferentes minerales de las pizarras de techar explotadas en el Macizo Iberico del noroeste de Espana. Para ello, datos obtenidos por difraccion de rayos X sobre muestras de polvo de pizarra han sido procesados utilizando el sistema SIROQUANT, basado en la tecnica de Rietveld. A partir de estudios de microsonda electronica se determino la composicion quĺmica de cloritas, micas y feldespatos de las pizarras, lo que junto con las proporciones minerales obtenidas a partir de los datos de DRX, permitio inferir una composicion quĺmica para cada muestra de pizarra. Estas composiciones inferidas fueron entonces comparadas con composiciones quĺmicas de las respectivas muestras de pizarra, obtenidas mediante fluorescencia de rayos X, evaluandose la coherencia entre los resultados de las dos tecnicas empleadas. Un alto nivel de coherencia fue observado entre los porcentajes de oxidos de cada elemento inferidos a partir del estudio de DRX y las proporciones de oxido equivalentes determinadas por FRX. La comparacion sugiere que la interpretacion de la DRX basada en la tecnica de Rietveld aporta resultados que son coherentes con otros parametros composicionales. Aunque no se observaron relaciones entre porcentajes de minerales individuales en las pizarras muestreadas, se encontro una relacion inversa bien definida entre los porcentajes de cuarzo mas feldespato y los porcentajes de mica mas clorita, lo que se interpreta como una herencia de las proporciones relativas de limo y arcilla en los sedimentos a partir de los que se formaron las pizarras.

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