Abstract
Use of the atomic force microscope (AFM) in quantitative force measurements inherentlyrequires a theoretical framework enabling conversion of the observed deflection propertiesof the cantilever to an interaction force. In this paper, the theoretical foundations of usingfrequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) in quantitative forcemeasurements are examined and rigorously elucidated, with consideration being given toboth ‘conservative’ and ‘dissipative’ interactions. This includes a detailed discussion ofthe underlying assumptions involved in such quantitative force measurements,the presentation of globally valid explicit formulae for evaluation of so-called‘conservative’ and ‘dissipative’ forces, discussion of the origin of these forces, andanalysis of the applicability of FM-AFM to quantitative force measurements inliquid.
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