Abstract
Quantitative nutrition studies involving controlled diets allow manipulation of a single nutrient, dietary constituent, food, or diet to determine the impact on calcium retention. When metabolic balance studies are combined with isotopic tracers and kinetic modeling, the effect of an alteration in diet on calcium retention parameters can be quantified. Thus, the in fluence of the independent variable on the way the gut, kidney, and bone handle calcium can be distinguished. These highly controlled studies necessitate small sample sizes and rather short experimental periods. Because they are rather short, a powerful crossover design is practical. Outcome measures are more variable than bone densitometry, but the relationship between manipulated and response variables is less confounded.
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