Abstract
There is an urgent need to dispose safely of the municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) contaminated by cesium (Cs) released from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accidents. This study investigated the relationship between quantitative Cs speciation and Cs immobilization in composite product from alkali-activated pyrophyllite and MSWIFA, with added stable cesium chloride and cesium carbonate. Cesium speciation was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), while Cs immobilization was evaluated by a leaching method. Twenty-four composite products, with different Cs leaching properties, were prepared under various conditions. The XRD analysis of six composite products with different Cs leaching properties qualitatively identified a crystalline pollucite in the two products with the least Cs leaching. The quantitative speciation determined using XAFS revealed a strong negative correlation between the pollucite content in the 24 products and their Cs leaching ratio. Cesium species with a CsO bond were found in all products. These were at least two Cs species with different leaching properties. These results indicate that the change from a Cs species to pollucite in the product increased the Cs immobilization level in the system.
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