Quantitative analysis of radial torsion angle according to location with CT scan.

Entire detached leaves (L30 and older) and leaf-halves of Echeveria elegans Bgr. were cultured aseptically on an agar medium to study their regenerative capacity. The entire leaves with their bases intact produced shoots and roots regardless of whether they were placed erect, inverted, or flat on the medium. Similar leaves with their bases severed and placed erect produced roots from their cut ends. The proximal leaf-halves showed a regeneration pattern similar to the entire leaves depending on, of course, whether the leaf bases were cut or not. The regeneration in the distal halves was identical to the proximal halves whose bases had been removed. In the inverted position, a few distal halves and proximal halves with their bases removed produced shoots and roots. In all leaf types, inverted, erect, or flat, the regeneration occurred at the proximal end and in some exceptional cases, roots were formed at the distal cut end too. In general, the regeneration potential appeared to be much greater in the proximal parts than in the distal parts of detached leaves and the anatomy in the former was more favorable for regeneration than in the latter. Cutting the leaf base altered the regeneration pattern in the detached leaf but it did not have any effect on the capacity for regeneration to produce differentiated organs. The leaf fragments showed strict polarity in shoot formation which occurred only in the proximal region. The roots, on the other hand, appeared at proximal and distal ends.

Objective To analyze the effect of different areas of paries medialis defect of femoral trochanter on the stability of fracture ends after percutaneous compression plating for femoral intertrochanteric fracture. Methods Thirteen preserved cadaveric specimens of adult femur were used in this experiment. The age of death ranged from 30 to 50 years. Oblique osteotomy was conducted under the same condition using a wire saw to create experimental models of fracture of Evans-Jensen type Ⅳ. The ratios of the area of paries medialis defect to the projected area of lesser trochanter in the specimens 1 to 13 were set respectively as 0, 10.0% , 14.5% , 20.2% , 23.4% , 30.6% , 45.8% , 56.8% , 76.8% , 88.7% , 99.8% , 121.3% and 149.4% . All the fractures were fixated by standard percutaneous compression plating. Cyclic load was applied on each specimen using Instron 2000 universal material tester. A vertical load of 600 N was applied for respectively 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 times to measure the displacements of proximal and distal fracture ends. Results When the ratio of the area of paries medialis defect to the projected area of lesser trochanter was 30.6% , the average displacements of the proximal and distal ends were 0.14 cm and 0.10 cm. When the ratio was 45.8% , the average displacement of the proximal end was 0.53 cm, 278.6% greater than that for 30.6% ; the average displacement of the distal end was 0.41 cm, 310.0% greater than that for 30.6% . When the ratio was 149.4% , the average displacement of the proximal end was 0.93 cm, 564.3% greater than that for 30.6% ; the average displacement of the distal end was 0.65 cm, 550.0% greater than that for 30.6% . Conclusions When the ratio of the area of paries medialis defect to the projected area of lesser trochanter reaches >45.8% , the area of paries medialis defect will have a significant effect on the stability of fracture ends after percutaneous compression plating for femoral intertrochanteric fracture. The displacement will increase linearly under the same compression with the increase in defect area. Key words: Hip fractures; Fracture fixation, internal; Bone plates; Biomechanics

Novel Closed-Loop Bronchoscopy Barrier Sheath: Valuable Addition for One-Lung Ventilation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

Frozen Elephant Trunk Procedure

Enhanced Delivery System for Direct Visualization of Esophageal Stent Implantation

A Study of the Function of the Epididymis

To reverse or not to reverse the radial artery in coronary artery bypass graft surgery? Histopathologic concerns and media thickness

A morphometric study on flexor carpi radialis muscle of the forearm: A cadaveric study

Breast reconstruction after traditional radical mastectomy is particularly challenging for the plastic surgeon. Not only the breast, but subclavian and anterior axillary-fold deformities need to be corrected. An entire TRAM flap (including zone IV) is required, and bipedicled deep inferior epigastric vessels are needed to insure that the entire flap will survive completely. However, on the chest, it is difficult to locate the two suitable sets of recipient vessels for the two pedicles. The thoracodorsal vessels have usually been damaged during axillary dissection or radiation therapy. In the past, the proximal ends of the internal mammary artery and vein (IMA, IMV) have been used as recipient vessels with free flaps, with ligation of the distal ends. These authors have used both the proximal and distal ends of the IMA and IMV as recipient vessels for end-to-end anastomoses to the bipedicled deep inferior epigastric vessels (DIEA, DIEV) in seven clinical cases, with very satisfactory results obtained. Anatomic studies of the IMA and IMV were done in 10 dogs and two active patients, including studying hemodynamic changes at the proximal and distal ends of the IMA, and evaluation of perfusion units in the free bilateral TRAM flap. In the animal experiments, the mean pressure at the distal ends was 86/77 mmHg (left sides) and 87/78 mmHg (right sides); pressure was 63 to 71 percent of the proximal ends (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the pressures on the left and right sides. In the two patients, and in 5 others, the pressure at the distal ends was 66 and 58 mmHg, which was 75 to 77% of the pressure at the proximal ends. The blood flow at the two anastomotic stomas was similar in a 5-year follow-up. The clinical and experimental studies showed that the distal IMA has reduced perfusion pressure, but that it provides excellent flow and flap perfusion, allowing reliable use of two pedicles for survival of the entire flap.

Fluid Pressure Derived Force is the Main Contributor to Iliac Limb Displacement Forces – Shear Force and Redirection of Flow are Negligible

An apparatus and method is disclosed for imaging internal features of a living body at a preselected site so that the data can be imaged in a quick, efficient and reliable manner with high resolution. The apparatus includes a catheter (20) having a longitudinal axis (22), a proximal end (23) and a distal end (24) such that the catheter is adapted to be partially inserted into said living body so that said distal end is positioned relative to the preselected site and imaging data relating to the internal features can be acoustically provided at said distal end by moving said distal end through a plurality of positions relative to the site and generating an acoustic signal when the distal end is at each of said positions. The acoustic energy responsive to each acoustic signal at each of the positions is sensed so as to create a set of data. The location, including the orientation of said distal end of said catheter is sensed at each of said positions. The sets of data and the respective positions from which each was obtained is related to one another so as to create an image of the internal features of the body.

Determinants of Axon Growth, Plasticity, and Regeneration in the Context of Spinal Cord Injury

More Attention Needed for the Distal Landing Zone in TEVAR

Plant parts with a plasticity of nm.orphogenetic responise have provided useful experimental material for study of the hormiional control of organ formation. Of particular value are cases in which alternate organ-forminig potentials can be attributed to the same cell or group of cells. In the formation of endogenous buds anid lateral roots from Convolvulus arvensis roots, both types of organs originate from a small number of pericycle cells at sites opposite the protoxylem poles. Several years ago, Torrey (14) reported that a clone of roots of this species had been established from the radicle of a seedling germinated in 1952, making possible controlled investigations of the physiology of organ formation in continuous root cultures. The majority of physiological studies of bud and root formation in roots deals with thickened root cuttings. Organ formation in these cases is generally observed either in regions surrounding old lateral root traces or from callus tissue developing at cut surfaces. In either situation organ formation from root cuttings was found to be polar, with bud formation at the proximal4 end and root formation or callus growth at the distal end. Plant (9). workinig with root cuttings of Crambe, Warmke and Warmke (17), with Taraxacumn and Cichoriumn cuttings, Emery (4), with Chamacnelion cuttings, and Lindner (7), with Cochlearia cuttings, found that auxin application to the proximal end of the root cuttings resulted in inhibition of bud formation, promotion of root formation, and suppression of the polarity of organ formation. It was suggested that the polarity of organ formation in untreated cuttings resulted from differences in auxin concentration at the ends of the cuttings. Lower auxin concentrations at the proximal end promoted bud formation and higher concentrations at the distal end promoted root formation. Lowering the auxin level at the distal end should then result in bud formation at both ends. Stoughton and Plant (11) repeatedly excised 1-mm slices at 5-day intervals from both ends of Crambe cuttings to remove auxin accumuilating at the distal end and to prevent new synthesis of auxin by buds which would otherwise form at the proximal end. After 8 weeks of this treatment, cuttings regenierated buds at both ends. Warmke and Warmke (17) attempted to confirm the theory of auxin control over bud and root formation in Cichorium cuttings by extraction and bioassay of the endogenous auxin. Forty-eight hours after excision of the cuttings, they found that there was a somewhat greater amount of auxin activity in the neutral fraction extracted from the distalend than from the proximal end. By 96 hours there was more auxin activity in the free auxin fraction extracted from the distal end than from the proximal end. An investigation of the chemical control of polar organ formation in Convolvulus root segments was undertaken to determine whether the same control mechanisms described for thickened root cuttings are operative in endogenous bud and root formation from the pericycle of culttured roots comprised of only primary tissues.

Introduction: Gonococcal infection of the penile raphe is rarely encountered in the clinical setting. The study aimed to understand the incidence, sites, clinical manifestations, and treatment of gonococcal infection of the penile raphe. Methods: We enrolled men with gonococcal infection of the penile raphe and men with urethral gonorrhea from January 2010 to December 2021. All patients’ demographic data and clinical characteristics were recorded. All patients were treated with ceftriaxone. Incision and drainage were performed in patients with non-ruptured abscesses. Nodules and sinus tract-like lesions that did not resolve after 1 month of treatment were excised. Results: Among 2,736 men who presented with urethral gonorrhea from January 2010 to December 2021, 5 (0.18%) had accompanying gonococcal infection of the penile raphe. An additional two men presented with gonococcal infection of the penile raphe without urethritis. Thus, 7 (0.26%; confidence interval, 0.11–0.56%) of 2,738 men had urethral gonorrhea or gonococcal infection of the penile raphe confirmed both clinically and by laboratory testing. Lesions were present in the frenulum of the prepuce and at the median aspect, proximal end, distal end, and both the proximal and distal ends of the penile raphe. The lesions manifested as abscesses, ulcers, a nodule, and a nodule with a sinus-like lesion. All lesions exhibited tenderness. All seven patients were cured after treatment. Conclusion: Gonococcal infection of the penile raphe is a rare, atypical type of involvement of the male urogenital tract by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It may be a local complication of urethral gonorrhea or an independent primary infection. The proximal end, distal end, and median aspect of the penile raphe can be infected by N. gonorrhoeae. Cutaneous lesions present as abscesses, ulcers, nodules, and sinus-like lesions. Ceftriaxone is effective, but sinus-like lesions require surgery.