Quantitative Analysis of Hypothalamic Proline-Rich Peptide-1 in Blood Serum of Patients with Malignant Tumors

Seminal plasma and follicular fluid (FF) cytokine analysis are valuable tools for diagnoses and validation of therapeutic approaches for improving the chance of conception. Despite the initial discovery over a decade ago, the IL-17 family has not received much attention in the case of infertility. In this study, we analyzed the level of IL-17A in seminal plasma, follicular fluid and blood serum of infertile patients with different clinical diagnoses by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The results showed that the level of IL-17A was higher in seminal plasma and blood serum of varicocele patients than the control group. The level of this cytokine was higher in follicular fluid of endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and tubal factor patients than the control group. A similar elevation in IL-17A level was observed in blood serum of these patients. Furthermore, there was a correlation between the numbers of meiosis I (MI) oocytes and the level of blood serum and follicular fluid IL-17A in PCOS patients. Our data suggest a putative role of IL-17A in mediating these conditions and may have possible applications in the development of more effective diagnostic tools and therapeutic treatments for human reproductive disorders.

Background. Due to diversity of cancer, the functional role of galectin-3 is rather controversial; however, for many types of neoplasms, the marker acts as a tumor growth promoter.Aim. To perform a comparative analysis of galectin-3 levels in the blood serum of healthy individuals and patients with benign, borderline, and malignant bone tumors divided into two age groups (under and over 18 years of age) based on the main clinical and morphological characteristics of the disease and prognosis.Materials and methods. The study included 201 patients with benign, borderline (giant cell tumors, locally aggressive tumors), and malignant bone tumors and 31 healthy donors. The galectin-3 level was determined in the blood serum before treatment with Human Galectin-3 ELISA kit (R&D, USA).Results. The level of galectin-3 in the blood serum of patients with benign and malignant bone tumors was statistically significantly higher than that in the control group of patients both under and over 18 years. In patients with borderline bone tumors, a trend toward an increase in the galectin-3 concentration compared with the controls was revealed. The ROC analysis for galectin-3 in patients with bone sarcomas showed that the area under the curve (AUC) comprised 0.795 (р < 0.0001) in the group of patients over 18 years and 0.868 (р = 0.0008) in the individuals under 18 years. For malignant bone tumors in patients over 18 years, the sensitivity of this method was 71.3%, and specificity was 71.43% (optimal cut-off level was 8.09 ng / ml; р < 0.0001), while in patients under 18 years, the sensitivity of the method was 80%, and specificity was 90% (optimal cut-off level was 5.49 ng / ml; р < 0.001). No significant associations between the serum galectin-3 level and the clinical and morphological characteristics of bone neoplasms were found both in patients under and over 18 years of age. However, it could be noted that the highest concentration of the marker was found in chordomas and at earlier stages of the disease. In patients over 18 years with chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma, no correlation between the marker and the disease prognosis was found.Conclusion. An increase in the galectin-3 level in the blood serum was observed in all age groups of patients with both benign and malignant bone tumors. However, the sensitivity and specificity of the method assessed by the ROC analysis do not allow to apply this marker for the diagnosis of bone tumors.

Background. Implementation of immunotherapy in clinical oncological practice has significantly improved the results of cancer treatment. It resulted in the need for seeking new markers to assess the effectiveness of therapy and the disease prognosis.Aim. To analyze the content of soluble forms of PD-1 and PD-L1 immune checkpoint proteins in the blood serum of patients with non-small cell lung cancer and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their association with clinical and morphological characteristics of the disease and the disease prognosis.Materials and methods. The study included tumor samples obtained from 43 patients with non-small cell lung cancer and 21 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The concentration of sPD-L1 and sPD-1 in the blood serum was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Mann – Whitney test was used to determine statistically significant differences in independent groups. A correlation analysis was performed using the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Overall survival was analyzed by constructing survival curves using the Kaplan – Meier method and a Cox proportional hazards model. The differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.Results. The study showed that sPD-1 and sPD-L1 were found in the blood serum of both cancer patients and healthy donors, and their concentrations did not differ significantly. It was shown that the high concentration of sPD-L1 in the blood serum of patients with non-small cell lung cancer was significantly associated with the late stage of the disease and was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor. It should be noted that for patients with esophageal cancer, an unfavorable prognostic marker was the high concentration of the soluble form of PD-1 protein, and not PD-L1 ligand, as in case of lung cancer.Conclusion. The content of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in the blood serum can have different prognostic significance for various types of cancer, and further studies are required to confirm their clinical usability.

Introduction. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of biochemical markers is one of the most important methods for diagnosing tumors. One of these markers is an inducer of expression of matrix metalloproteases EMMPRIN/CD147. Changes in its expression are associated with the progression of some tumors. This study is the first work devoted to the study of the content of the soluble form of the transmembrane glycoprotein EMMPRIN (sEMMPRIN) in the blood serum of patients with various bone tumors.Aim. To study the content of sEMMPRIN in the blood serum of patients with malignant bone tumors, its relationship with the clinical and morphological characteristics of neoplasms and prognosis.Materials and methods. The study included 88 patients with malignant tumors (osteosarcoma – 37 cases, chondrosarcoma – 39, chordoma – 5, Ewing’s sarcoma – 7) and borderline (11 cases) bone neoplasms, of which 14 patients were under the age of 18 years. The control group consisted of 29 healthy donors, 8 of which were under the age of 18 years. The concentration of EMMPRIN was determined in the serum of patients and donors with reagents for direct enzyme immunoassay “Human EMMPRIN” (R&D, USA) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and expressed in nanograms (ng) per 1 ml of blood serum. The obtained data were processed using the GraphPad Prizm 9.4 program. When comparing indicators and analyzing their relationships, we used the nonparametric Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Overall survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method.Results. Our analysis of the sEMMPRIN content in the blood serum of patients with bone tumors did not reveal statistically significant differences between the control group and patients with borderline and malignant tumors, both in adults and in children. At the same time, a trend towards a decrease in the level of sEMMPRIN in the blood serum was noted in the presence of a malignant neoplasm of the bone compared with the corresponding control group. Additionally, we found that the content of sEMMPRIN is associated with age and higher in the group of patients under 18 years of age, both among healthy donors and oncological patients. An analysis of the association of sEMMPRIN content with clinical and morphological characteristics did not reveal statistically significant patterns, however, a trend towards an increase in the level of the marker with disease progression in both studied age groups was observed, which is consistent with other studies conducted on other solid tumors.Conclusion. ELISA revealed the marker sEMMPRIN in the blood serum of all examined children and adults with borderline malignant bone tumors and healthy donors. At the same time, the levels of sEMMPRIN did not differ between the above groups, however, there was a tendency for a decrease in the concentration of the marker in patients with bone sarcomas compared with the control group, regardless of age.

Hepatitis B and C are the most frequent causes of chronic hepatitis diseases in the world. A cross sectionalstudy was carried out in Kirkuk city from 17th of November 2019 to 25th of February 2020 . The number ofhepatitis patients under study was 80 hepatitis patients, 44 with hepatitis B (14 acute and 30 chronic) and 36with hepatitis C (11 acute and 25 chronic) Their ages were between 20-70 years old. These patients admittedto Hepatology and Gastroenterology Center of Azadi Teaching Hospital and Kirkuk General Hospital andThe control group matched the patients group included 30 individuals who were apparently healthy who wereconducted in this study to determine the level of activity of the enzyme (GGT) as well as to determine thelevel of a number of biochemical variables (ALT, AST, ALP, TSB, CRP, AFP) in both healthy subjects andpatient group with acute and chronic viral hepatitis B and C . The results showed that there was significantincrease in the activity of the GGT enzyme in patients with P-value (p? 0.01) compared to control group. Thepresent study showed that there was significant increase in the levels of (ALT, AST.ALP, TSB) in the bloodserums of patients with acute hepatitis B and C compared to chronic and the healthy group. The present studyalso included the purification and partial isolation of the enzyme (GGT) and find the approximate molecularweight for it, that was purified from the blood serum of patients with hepatitis B and C and control group byusing ammonium sulfate, Dialysis and gel filtrationchromatography with sephadex (G-150) to separate theenzyme from other proteins. The degree of purification in type C was (31.2) times, type B (27) times, andwith healthy (30.2) times. The highsingle peak were used to determine the approximate molecular weight ofthe enzyme, and using the gel filtration technique. The approximate molecular weight of the enzyme (GGT)was up to (371,000-346,000-316,000) Dalton for healthy and hepatitis C and B patients, respectively. Inacute and chronic viral hepatitis B and C, there was a positive correlation between the efficacy of (GGT) andthe efficacy of GPT, CRP and AFP. The study showed that there was significant increase in the activity of theGGT enzyme in patients compared to control group. The results showed in Table 3 that there was significantincrease in the activity of the ALT enzyme in patients compared to control group. After performing theprocess of separating and purifying the GGT enzyme from the serum of patients with viral hepatitis B andC, using 40-60% of ammonium sulfate and after obtaining the required purity separating it from the rest ofthe components of the blood serum, the activity of the GGT enzyme was measured and it was found to haveoverall effectiveness in patients with hepatitis Liver C was (0.282) and the number of purification timeswas (1.63) times and the specific effectiveness was (1843). Hepatitis B was (3.5) times, and the results fromthe dialysis process of the precipitate resulting from the saline precipitation process showed an increase inthe specific activity of the enzyme GGT, so it was (3.4) for healthy people, (3.521) for patients with HCVand (4.3) HBsAg. Then he used gel filtration chromatography using the gel (Sephadex G-150), the resultsshowed that a single protein beam appeared, which is highly effective and has a degree of purificationreaching (30.2) And (31.2) and (27) times for GGT enzyme separated by gel filtration technique when theprotein solution obtained from the blood serum of healthy subjects and patients with viral hepatitis is passedfrom the separation column containing gel (G-150).

In this cross-sectional study, relationship of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) with breast cancer incidence is assessed by investigating their levels in tumor and blood serum of breast cancer patients and comparing them withblood serum of control subjects. A total of forty breast cancer patients and ten control individuals were recruited from different districts of Punjab, Pakistan. All the samples were analyzed for α- β- and γ-HCH, HCB, cis- and trans-Chlordane, α- and β-endosulfan, o,p- and p,p-DDE, o,p- and p,p-DDD and o,p-and p,p-DDT. In addition, sociodemographic along with some haematological and clinical parameters were obtained from patients to assess their possible relationship with breast cancer. Our results showed tumor with highest mean (min-max) concentrations (ng g-1 lw) of ƩOCPs at 114.01 (0.67-23.85) followed by blood serum of patients 90.08 (0.14-18.62) compared to blood serum of control 5.71 (ND-1.46) respectively. In this study p,p-DDE was dominant congeners in tumor, o,p-DDE in blood serum of patients and α-endosulfan in blood serum of control individuals. Haematological parameters such as chloride, sodium and potassium ions in blood were moderately associated with ∑DDD concentration in tumor. Similarly, sociodemographic as well as clinical variables reflects limited relationship with OCPs level in patients and control. It is concluded that the elevated concentrations of OCPs in tumor and blood serum of breast cancer patients compared to control subjects illustrate potential association of OCPs with breast cancer in Pakistan. However, in addition to pollutants exposure certain confounding factors including clinical and sociodemographic parameters may also contribute in breast cancer incidence which should be elucidated in future intensive investigations.

Aim of the work is to find out the clinical and prognostic significance of cytokine regulation parameters in oxygen-dependent patients with COVID-19 coronavirus disease in dynamics of the disease. Material and methods. 78 oxygen-dependent patients with COVID-19 aged from 52 to 84 years were examined. All patients were examined and treated in accordance with the regulations in force at the relevant time. The patients were divided into groups: I group – 38 patients who recovered; II group – 40 patients with fatal outcome of the disease. In the blood serum of patients with COVID-19 and 20 healthy individuals, were determined by enzyme immunoassay the content of interleukin (IL) IL-2 (Elabscience, USA), IL-4 (Affymetrix eBioscience, Austria), IL-6 (Invitrogen, Austria), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) (Elabscience, USA). Statistical processing was performed in the Statistica 13 for Windows program (StatSoft Inc., No. JPZ804I382130ARCN10-J). Results. The content of IL-2 in the blood serum of oxygen-dependent patients with COVID-19 of both groups was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in healthy individuals. IL-2 content was higher in patients of II group (p < 0.001) than in patients of I group. In dynamics, a further increase in content of IL-2 was noted in patients of the II group (р < 0.05). The diagnostic significance has been established of the increased level of IL-2 in assessing the high probability of the development of a fatal outcome of the disease during hospitalization (AUC = 0.698, p = 0.030) and in the dynamics of treatment (AUC = 0.745, p = 0.015). The content of IL-6 in the blood serum of oxygen-dependent patients with COVID-19 of both groups was also significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in healthy individuals. However, the level of increase of this cytokine at the time of hospitalization did not have prognostic value regarding the risk of fatal outcome (AUC = 0.539, p = 0.562). In the dynamics of treatment, the content of IL-6 in blood serum continued to increase in patients of the II group (p < 0.01). During this period of observation, a threshold level of increase IL-6 level was established, which indicates a high probability of the development of a fatal outcome in these patients (AUC = 0.850, p < 0.001). The content of chemokine MCP-1 in blood serum at the time of hospitalization in patients of both groups was higher (p < 0.01) than in healthy people. At the same time, the content of MCP-1 in patients of the II group was higher (p < 0.05) than in the patients of the I group. The diagnostic significance of the increased level of MCP-1 was established, which indicated a high probability of the development of a fatal outcome during hospitalization. In dynamics, there was a tendency (p > 0.05) to decrease its content (p > 0.05), however, during this period of observation, MCP-1 did not have prognostic value. IL-4 turned out to be uninformative in prognostic terms for determining the probability of a fatal outcome of COVID-19. Conclusions. Changes in the parameters of cytokine regulation in patients with COVID-19 during the development of oxygen dependence are characterized by a significant increase content of IL-2, IL-6 and chemokine MCP-1 in blood serum. The level of increase of these cytokines has diagnostic value in determining the high probability of the development of a fatal outcome of the disease at certain stages of observation.

ObjectiveStudy the function of TNFα in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and effect of fasudil on it.Methods60 UAP patients were selected in Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University from...

The B7 family consists of activating and inhibitory molecules that regulate immune responses. Recent research demonstrated the roles of soluble B7-H3 (sB7-H3) and soluble B7-H1 (sB7-H1) in the blood serum of various tumors; however, none of these studies investigated the expression of these proteins in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and blood serum of patients with glioma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of B7-H3 and B7-H1 in the CSF, blood serum and tissues of patients with glioma and their correlation with clinicopathological data. Between January 2012 and November 2012, samples were obtained from 78 patients with glioma, four CSF samples were obtained from patients with a moderate traumatic brain injury, four brain tissue samples were obtained from patients with a traumatic brain injury and 40 blood serum samples were obtained from healthy individuals. The expression of B7-H3 and B7-H1 in the CSF, blood serum and tumor samples of the patients with high-grade glioma was found to be higher than that in the patients with low-grade glioma. However, no significant differences in sB7-H3 and sB7-H1 expression were observed in the blood serum of the patients with glioma compared with the healthy control subjects. In addition, the expression of sB7-H3 and sB7-H1 in the CSF of the patients with glioma was higher than that in the CSF of the patients with a moderate traumatic brain injury. Furthermore, in the patients with glioma, B7-H3 and B7-H1 expression in the CSF and tumor tissue, although not in the blood serum, correlated with the glioma grade.

Introduction. Skin lesions in atopic dermatitis (AD) are apparently associated with vascular changes, as blood vessels provide pathways for the transport of immune cells. The aim of the study: study of the state of endothelial dysfunction in patients with atopic dermatitis. Materials and methods. 70 patients with AD were examined. Groups were formed depending on the SСORAD index (I subgroup – with SСORAD index up to 20 points, II – with SСORAD index 20-40 points, III subgroup – with SСORAD index from 40 and above points). Indicators of endothelial dysfunction of VEGF and VCAM-1 in blood serum were determined by the immunoenzymatic method. Research results and their discussion. A significant percentage of deviations from the reference interval of both the level of VEGF (52 (74.3%) examined) and VCAM-1 (32 (45.7%) examined) in blood serum among AD patients was established. There were 4.6 times more people of the III subgroup with an elevated level of VEGF in blood serum than patients with a reference value (p˂0.001) and 1.52 times more than among patients of the I subgroup (p=0.0121). Among the patients of the I, only the reference values of the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were found. Among individuals of the III subgroup with an elevated level of VCAM-1 was 1.9 times more than with its reference value (p=0.016). It was established that the level of VEGF in blood serum in patients of the III was 1.4 times higher compared to the level in patients of the II and 1.68 times higher than in patients of the I. Similar changes were found in the level of VCAM-1 in blood serum in AD patients. The highest level of VCAM-1 was found in patients of the III subgroup, which was 2.2 times higher than that in the II and 5.4 times in the I subgroups. In patients with AD with a minimum duration of the disease (1 year), the level of VEGF in blood serum was within the reference values. Probably the highest value of this indicator was noted in patients with a long course of the disease (16 and more years), (р˂0.05). Conclusions. A feature of atopic dermatitis is the development of endothelial dysfunction, namely due to an increase in the level of endothelial vasoactive factors VEGF, VCAM-1 (p<0.01). Violation of endothelial function in AD correlates with the severity of the disease (p<0.05). The increase in VEGF content is associated with the duration of AD (p<0.05).

The search for new biomarkers for the early diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a crucial task. Objective: a comparative study of concentrations of conservative protein nucleobindin 1 (NUCB1) in the blood serum of patients with SLE and healthy donors and assessment of correlation of NUCB1 level with clinical and serological manifestations of the disease.Material and methods. The study included 21 patients with SLE who fulfilled SLICC criteria and 23 healthy donors. SLEDAI-2K index was used to assess SLE activity. Organ damage was assessed using SLICC damage index. Standard laboratory markers of SLE were analyzed in all patients. Concentration of NUCB1 in blood serum was determined using the enzyme immunoassay method. Results and discussion. The group of SLE patients included 20 women and 1 man (median age 33 [27; 40] years, disease duration 5 [3; 10] years), mainly with high disease activity (median SLEDAI-2K 8.5 [6.0; 14.0]). Kidney involvement was found in 52% of cases (nephritis), involvement of joints – in 67% (arthritis), vessels – in 33%, skin – in 67%, pericarditis – in 29%, hematological abnormalities – in 71%, antinuclear factor – in 76% and antibodies against double-stranded DNA – in 71%. An increase in the mean NUCB1 level to 3881 ng/ml was found in the blood serum of SLE patients compared to the control group (2766 ng/ml; p=0.048). Correlations of NUCB1 levels with vascular damage (r=0.653; p<0.05) and pericarditis (r=-0.490; p<0.05) were found. Conclusion. Elevated NUCB1 levels in the blood serum of SLE patients may indicate involvement of this protein in autoimmune and apoptotic processes. The observed correlation of NUCB1 levels with vascular affection and pericarditis is the basis for further studies on the involvement of this protein in the development of various diseases, including SLE.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the more serious complications of diabetes and the main cause of blindness among working-age individuals. In recent years, information has emerged on the possible role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the pathogenesis of DR, and DR's possible connection with the system of pro-angiogenic factors. To study the impact of anti-angiogenic therapy on systemic and local concentrations of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a key component of RAS, for patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). The concentration of ACE in the lacrimal fluid and blood serum in 10 patients (20 eyes) with DME was determined before and after intravitreal injection (IVI) of ranibizumab. The comparison group consisted of 7 patients (14 eyes) with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The control group consisted of 10 healthy individuals (20 eyes). All groups were comparable in age and sex. The concentration of ACE was determined by enzyme immunoassay. The main group was examined four times: before IVI of ranibizumab, and then one week, two weeks and one month after IVI of ranibizumab. The comparison group was examined before, and then one week after, IVI of ranibizumab. In patients with DME, there was an initial 1.8-fold increase in the concentration of ACE in the lacrimal fluid of both eyes. A week after IVI of ranibizumab, the concentration of ACE in the lacrimal fluid began to decrease, reaching the control level after two weeks, and remaining there one month after IVI of ranibizumab. Initially, the concentration of ACE in the blood serum in patients with DME was 2.2 times lower than the control level. After IVI of ranibizumab there was an increase in the concentration of ACE in the blood serum, but by the end of the observation, the indicators continued to remain well below the control level. In patients with AMD, the initial concentration of ACE in the lacrimal fluids was not elevated; the concentration of ACE in the lacrimal fluids decreased 1.4 times one week after IVI of ranibizumab. The concentration of ACE in the blood serum of the patients with AMD was initially 25% lower than the control level, and essentially did not change after IVI of ranibizumab. СONCLUSIONS: Changes in the concentration of ACE in patients with DME may be a new prognostic criterion for the development of DME for patients with diabetes. These changes in the concentration of ACE, in the context of antiangiogenic therapy, indicate an interaction between the renin-angiotensin and angiogenic systems. Similar changes that were observed after IVI of ranibizumab in patients with AMD confirm the mutual influence of these two systems. The data presented in this study open up prospects for finding new pathways of pathogenic therapy for diabetic macular edema and diabetes.

ПРИ ІШЕМІЧНІЙ ХВОРОБІ СЕРЦЯ Резюме Вступ. У цій статті описано патогенетичний зв'язок імунної системи та метаболічного синдрому з серцево-судинними захворюваннями. Серцеві судинні захворювання є причиною втрати працездатності та летальності серед населення щораз молодшої популяції, що є однією з найбільших актуальних проблем медицини. Щоб запобігти розвитку таких патологічних порушень, актуальним є дослідження нових маркерів-предикторів даних порушень. Метою дослідження було виявити патогенетичну роль імунної системи при ішемічній хворобі серця на тлі метаболічного синдрому. Методи дослідження. Було відібрано 150 пацієнтів, у віці 47-67 років (середній вік 56,17 ± 4,12 років), з них чоловіків 68,4 %. У 60 пацієнтів була верифікована ІХС без метаболічного синдрому -група 1, у інших 60 пацієнтів була верифікована ішемічна хвороба серця (ІХС) ускладнена метаболічним синдромом (МС) -група 2. Група 3 -контрольна група, в яку ввійшли 30 практично здорових осіб чоловічої та жіночої статі у віці від 47 до 67 років без супутньої патології. Результати й обговорення. Було проведено ряд лабораторних показників, щоб дослідити роль імунної системи та метаболічних порушень на розвиток порушень серцевосудинної системи, а саме: Вміст ST 2 в сироватці крові хворих на ІХС на тлі метаболічного синдрому перевищував показники норми у 2,32 раза (р < 0,05), у хворих на ІХС -у 2,16 раза (р < 0,05), що свідчить про більш глибокі порушення функціонального стану міокарда при ІХС на тлі метаболічного синдрому. Вміст NT-proBNP у сироватці крові хворих на ІХС на тлі метаболічного синдрому перевищував показник контролю у 2,6 раза (р <0,05), у пацієнтів з ІХС -знаходився в межах контрольного значення (р>0,05). Рівень лептину у пацієнтів з ІХС вірогідно перевищував показник контрольної групи у жінок на 16 % (р<0,05), а у чоловіків на 22 % (р<0,05). Показники рівня лептину в пацієнтів з ІХС на тлі МС перевищували показники контрольної групи ужінок у 5,5 раза (р<0,05), а у чоловіків-у 4 рази (р<0,05). Гендерний показник лептину (ГПЛ) в групі пацієнтів з ІХС становив 1,81 ± 0,10, що статистично вірогідно не відрізнялося від показника контролю (1,95 ± 0,15; р > 0,05). В групі пацієнтів з ІХС на тлі МС ГПЛ становив 2,75 ±0,20, що статистично вірогідно перевищувало контрольне значення на 41%. При дослідженні вуглеводного обміну було встановлено, що рівень глюкози та вміст глікованого гемоглобіну (Hb A1c) в плазмі крові хворих на ІХС, при ускладненні МСперевищували рівень відносно контролю (р < 0,05). а також зниження вмісту С-пептиду в крові пацієнтів з ІХС на тлі МС в 3,1 раза (р < 0,05). Досліджуючи показники ліпідного обміну при ішемічній хворобі серця на тлі МС було виявлено, що вміст загального холестеролу, триацилгліцеролів, вміст ліпопротеїнів високої Оригінальні дослідження

Aim: to investigate the content of eNOS in the blood serum of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with pneumonia in association with hemostatic parameters and to determine its prognostic value in assessing the risk of oxygen dependence and death. Material and methods. There were 123 patients with COVID-19 with pneumonia under observation. All patients were examined and treated in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 722 dated 28.03.2020. The eNOS content in the patients’ serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. It was found that the content of eNOS in the blood serum of patients with COVID-19 with pneumonia at the time of hospitalization was 9.0 [7.0; 12.0] days lower (p &lt; 0.001) than in healthy subjects. The development of oxygen dependence in patients with COVID-19 with pneumonia was accompanied by worsening of endothelial dysfunction and procoagulant changes, which was confirmed by a decrease in the content of eNOS in the blood serum (p &lt; 0.001), an increase in the level of fibrinogen (p &lt; 0.05) and D-dimer (p &lt; 0.05). The threshold level of eNOS in the blood serum ≤327.09 pg/ml (AUC = 0.861, p &lt; 0.001) was predictive of the onset of oxygen dependence. In patients with COVID-19 with pneumonia who subsequently died, at the time of hospitalization, eNOS levels were lower (p &lt; 0.001) than in patients who recovered, which was combined with a higher level of D-dimer (p &lt; 0.05) and its more frequent increase (p = 0.04) compared with patients who recovered. The eNOS content in the blood serum of patients with COVID-19 with pneumonia was correlated (p &lt; 0.05) not only with the lethal outcome of the disease, but also with the formation of thrombotic complications, which occurred more often in patients with COVID-19 with pneumonia in the event of an adverse outcome (p = 0.0001). The threshold level of eNOS in the blood serum ≤201.75 pg/ml (AUC = 0.892, p &lt; 0.001) was indicative of a high probability of death. Conclusion. The eNOS content in the blood serum of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at the time of hospitalization is lower (p &lt; 0.001) than in healthy individuals, and the degree of its decrease depends on the severity of the disease, the development of oxygen dependence and the subsequent outcome of this disease. Limiting levels of eNOS in the blood serum of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, which are important for predicting the risk of developing oxygen dependence and fatal outcome of the disease, have been established.

Epitopes specificity of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase in patients with Graves’ disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and overlap-syndrome