Abstract
The purpose is to evaluate quantified kidney echogenicity as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) and predicting progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a mouse model of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Two separate protocols of murine models of IRI were used: (1) 10, 30, and 40min of bilateral ischemia duration and (2) 45 and 60min of unilateral ischemia duration. Renal echogenicity was measured with ultrasound and compared with serum creatinine or urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) at various timepoints after IRI. In mice subjected to 10, 30, and 40min of bilateral ischemia, renal echogenicity increased about 2h after IRI for all ischemia times, earlier than serum creatinine or urine NGAL. In those subjected to 45 and 60min of unilateral ischemia, 60min of unilateral ischemia, which represents atrophic changes 28days after IRI, resulted in a sustained high level of echogenicity and was significantly different 24h after IRI, while 45min of unilateral ischemia resulted in trivial levels of histological damage 28days after IRI. Renal echogenicity might have the potential to be a biomarker for the early diagnosis of AKI and the prognosis of CKD.
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