Quantification of urapidil, α-1-adrenoreceptor antagonist, in plasma by LC-MS/MS: validation and application to pharmacokinetic studies

Abstract

A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantification of urapidil in plasma. Following liquid-liquid extraction, the analyte was separated using an isocratic mobile phase on a reverse-phase column and analyzed by MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the respective [M + H](+) ions, m/z 388 to 205 for urapidil and m/z 452 to 344 for the internal standard. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 0.1-500 ng/mL for urapidil in plasma. Acceptable precision (<7%) and accuracy (100 ± 8%) were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. The method was successfully applied to quantify urapidil concentrations in a preclinical pharmacokinetic study after a single oral administration of urapidil at 3 mg/kg to rats. Following oral administration the maximum mean concentration in plasma (C(max); 616 ± 73 ng/mL) was achieved at 0.5 h (T(max)) and area under curve (AUC(0-24)) was 1841 ± 308 ng h/mL. The half-life (t(1/2)) and clearance (Cl) were 2.47 ± 0.4 h and 1660 ± 276 mL/h/kg, respectively. Moreover, it is plausible that the assay method in rat plasma would facilitate the adaptability of urapidil quantification in human plasma for clinical trials.