Abstract
Objectives:Miniscrew has been frequently used, considering that anchorage control is a critical point in orthodontic treatment, and its failure, the main adverse problem. Using two groups of stable (successful) and unstable (failed) mini-implants, this in vivo study aimed to quantify proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 α, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α and osteoclastogenesis marker RANK, RANKL, and OPG in gingival tissue, using the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique.Methodology:Thirteen patients of both sexes (11-49 years old) under orthodontic treatment were selected, obtaining 11 successful and 7 failed mini-implants. The mini-implants were placed and removed by the same surgeon, in both jaws. The mean time of permanence in the mouth was 29.4 months for successful and 7.6 months for failed mini-implants. At removal time, peri-mini-implant gingival tissue samples were collected and processed for quantification of the proinflammatory cytokines and osteoclastogenesis markers. Nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test considering the clusters and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis (α=0.05).Results:No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed between the groups for either quantification of cytokines or osteoclastogenesis markers, except for IL-6 (p<0.05).Conclusions:It may be concluded that the expression of IL-1α, IL-17, TNF-α, RANK, RANKL, and OPG in peri-implant gingival tissue were not determinant for mini-implant stability loss, but the higher IL-6 expression could be associated with mini-implant failure.
Highlights
Mini-implants have been widely used in orthodontics1,2 with a high clinical success rate.3 Even so, loss of devices may still occur in some cases
Inflammation is frequently mentioned as one of the factors involved in implant loss
The installation of dental implants promotes the activation of molecular mechanisms involved in bone remodeling for osteointegration and can trigger a cascade of inflammatory reactions by the stimulus of cytokine and chemokine production, contributing to the establishment of a unique biochemical environment
Summary
Mini-implants have been widely used in orthodontics with a high clinical success rate. Even so, loss of devices may still occur in some cases. Mini-implants have been widely used in orthodontics with a high clinical success rate.. Loss of devices may still occur in some cases. The reasons for failures are not entirely clear. According to a recent revision, failure was associated with initial loading, inadequate hygiene, brushing, or thrusting in the area, and persistent inflammation. Inflammation is frequently mentioned as one of the factors involved in implant loss.. The installation of dental implants promotes the activation of molecular mechanisms involved in bone remodeling for osteointegration and can trigger a cascade of inflammatory reactions by the stimulus of cytokine and chemokine production, contributing to the establishment of a unique biochemical environment.
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