Quality of Service Comparison of DSDV and DSR Routing Protocols for V2V Communication in VANET

Flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) are a collection of unmanned aerial vehicles that communicate without any predefined infrastructure. FANET, being one of the most researched topics nowadays, finds its scope in many complex applications like drones used for military applications, border surveillance systems and other systems like civil applications in traffic monitoring and disaster management. Quality of service (QoS) performance parameters for routing e.g. delay, packet delivery ratio, jitter and throughput in FANETs are quite difficult to improve. Mobility models play an important role in evaluating the performance of the routing protocols. In this paper, the integration of two selected mobility models, i.e. random waypoint and Gauss–Markov model, is implemented. As a result, the random Gauss integrated model is proposed for evaluating the performance of AODV (ad hoc on-demand distance vector), DSR (dynamic source routing) and DSDV (destination-Sequenced distance vector) routing protocols. The simulation is done with an NS2 simulator for various scenarios by varying the number of nodes and taking low- and high-node speeds of 50 and 500, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed model improves the QoS performance parameters of AODV, DSR and DSDV protocol.

The increase in the number of vehicles without the development of driving safety technology, tends to create adverse impacts on society, such as a rise in casualties due to road accidents. Therefore, vehicles need information on the condition of the surrounding traffic environment to provide driver with safety. One of the methods used to obtain prompt information between vehicles that move dynamically is communication technology such as Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET). VANET has network characteristics that change rapidly due to the highly dynamic node movement. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the right routing protocol for optimal data transmission. In this study, the DSDV (Destination Sequenced Distance Vector), AOMDV (Ad-hoc on Demand Multipath Distance Vector), and ZRP (Zone Routing Protocol) routing protocols were tested using 3 field data scenarios. The first scenario is a variation of the number of nodes 100, 250, 600, and 700 nodes. The second scenario is a variation of the transmission ranges of 250m, 500m, and 1km. The third scenario is the variation of node speeds of 10 km/hour, 20 km/hour, 30 km/hour, 40 km/hour, and 50 km/hour in Pekanbaru city of Riau province. This research was carried out using the simulation method along with the QoS (Quality of Service) performance testing parameters comprising packet delivery ratio, end to end delay, throughput, collision rate, and packet loss. Out of the three scenarios tested, AOMDV is the best routing protocol to be implemented because it outperforms the other two protocol evaluated in all designated scenarios in the paper. Meanwhile, DSDV and ZRP are superior in end to end delay and routing overhead parameters, respectively.

Wireless sensor network (WSN) with several sensors is used to group measurements of certain physical quantities or environmental conditions, including sound, temperature, pressure, vibration, motion, or pollution, at various locations and ranges. In WSNs, several protocols address the issue of routing. Sensor nodes in WSN usually have limited energy resources and storage capacities. Therefore, the issue of energy usage in sensors and protocols is very important. This paper analyzes and compares the quality of service (QoS) performances of three important routing protocols of the mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) including Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), dynamic source routing (DSR), and destination sequenced distance vector (DSDV), in a smart building case study. The QoS evaluation metrics include residual energy of nodes, instant throughput (IT), average throughput (AT), packet delivery ratio (PDR), packet loss ratio (PLR), and route discovery latency (RDL) based on IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol standard. The simulation is carried out using NS2, and the WSN has 16 fixed and 4 mobility nodes with different speeds and paths. The simulation results illustrate that average throughput in AODV is 1.985118 (kbps), however, the figures for DSR and DSDV are 1.977780 and 1.720700 (kbps), respectively. PDR, also, in DSR stands at 1.0, but the figures for AODV and DSDV are lower with the range of 0.999572 and 0.997930, respectively. Overall, The DSR protocol provides a better performance compared to AODV and DSDV routing protocols in terms of PLR and PDR. Also, AODV has better efficiency in RDL and AT compared to other assumed protocols.

Mobile Ad-Hoc network is infastructureless network where nodes are move randomly from one position to another. Routing protocol plays important role in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network. Number of different routing protocols have been proposed amongst them is DSR(Dynamic Source Routing) routing protocol and DSDV(Destination Sequence Distance Vector) routing protocol. In this paper we compare the performance of DSR and DSDV protocol using different network conditions as pause time, time interval using different parameters as end-to-end Delay, Packet delivery fraction, Throughput etc. using Network Simulator (NS2). By analyzing the performance we proposed that DSR protocol outperforms well as compare to DSDV.

In wireless mesh network, studies on routing protocols have been actively carried out recently, and hop count is used as a major routing metric in destination-sequenced distance-vector (DSDV) routing protocol, which is a representative proactive routing protocol. Although hop-by-hop multi-path (HMP) DSDV and enhanced HMP (EHMP) DSDV routing protocols perform routing by considering both hop count and residual bandwidth within one hop distance nodes, it has a shortcoming that routing is carried out via non-optimal path from the aspect of end-to-end routing. In order to overcome the shortcoming, a cost-aware multi-path (CAMP) DSDV routing protocol is proposed in this paper, which considers hop count and end-to-end minimum residual bandwidth. Simulation results based on NS-2 show that the proposed routing protocol performs better than DSDV, HMP DSDV, and EHMP DSDV protocols from the aspect of throughput and packet delivery ratio, by appropriately using hop count and end-to-end minimum residual bandwidth information and has the same number of management messages with HMP DSDV and EHMP DSDV protocols.Key Words:Wireless mesh network, Multi-path routing, Residual bandwidth

Road traffic safety can be improved and better and able to accomplish Inter-Vehicle Communications by implementing emergent cellular technologies such as Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET). VANET's are based on the hybrid network architecture, application scenarios of change of position that does not entail a change and location of a node. The principle imposed on the design of the routing protocol in the main dispute of VANET's. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) acts as a solution for the above said. The study of Ad-Hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV), Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) has been done in this paper. The routing algorithms are used to moderate the accuracy based upon urban environmental characteristics like data drop, data collide, density of vehicle, end to end delay and throughput.

In high-mobility Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), maintaining a low Packet Loss Ratio and a high Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) under UDP communication is crucial. This study compares the performance of Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV) routing protocols in vehicular communications and networking using Network Simulator 3 (NS3) simulations. The research employs a simulation-based approach, leveraging NS3 and SUMO to analyze these protocols across different VANET scenarios, including free flow, steady flow, and traffic jams over varying time intervals (300 to 700 seconds). Our findings demonstrate that AODV outperforms DSDV. AODV maintained an average Packet Loss Ratio of 98% and achieved higher throughput, while DSDV experienced higher packet loss and lower throughput. Additionally, AODV exhibited lower end-to-end delay and a higher Packet Delivery Ratio compared to DSDV. These results indicate that AODV is better suited for UDP communication in VANETs, offering lower packet loss, higher throughput, and reduced delays. The study further emphasizes that AODV is preferable for UDP communication in VANETs due to its superior performance metrics. There is potential for further research in vehicular communications, such as integrating advanced hybrid routing protocols and exploring the effects of different traffic densities, vehicle types, and real-world environmental conditions. By investigating these factors, future studies can enhance the reliability and efficiency of VANET communications, contributing to the advancement of intelligent transportation systems.

Background: Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are built on the principles of Mobile Ad-hoc networks, and there are numerous approaches to achieve vehicular communication like vehicle to infrastructure or by vehicle to vehicle with the advantage of Ad-hoc networks. In VANETs, the vehicle to itself and vehicle to roadside architecture both coexist to lend safety, services, and navigation; therefore they are an integral element of the intelligent transportation systems framework. The routing protocols in vehicle-to-vehicle communication are used to optimize the propagation of the messages. Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the traits of the routing protocols on the basis of various performance metrics like end-to-end delay, packet drop ratio, and throughput. The routing protocols named Ad-Hoc on-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) have been compared considering a real-life scenario. Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the traits of the routing protocols on the basis of various performance metrics like end-to-end delay, packet drop ratio, and throughput. The routing protocols named Ad-Hoc on-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) have been compared considering a real-life scenario. Methods: It evaluates DSDV, DSR & AODV protocols in Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) through the open street map. SUMO mobility file was configured to the Network Simulator 3 to study the performance of AODV, DSDV, and DSR. Results and Conclusion: By examining the protocols, we concluded that AODV is better when evaluated on the parameters named end-to-end delay, packet drop ratio, and throughput. The practical application of our study can be found in collision alert, emergency response community, highway/rail collision avoidance, etc.

A Mobile Ad Hoc Network represents a system of wireless mobile nodes that can freely and dynamically selforganize into arbitrary and temporary network topologies, allowing people and devices to seamlessly communicate without any pre-existing communication architecture. The growth of real time multimedia application in such environments, has drawn a lot of attention to wireless networks that support quality of service (QoS). In this work, the QoS metrics, delay and link life time (LLT) of the path are dynamically calculated. Based on these values the routing decisions are made. Here the multipath routing protocol is taken as the base protocol. The proposed algorithm finds the multiple QoS routes only, based on the QoS metrics and stores only those paths in the routing table. The route is selected based on the integrated QoS metric and is used to transmit the data. The base protocol used is multipath AODV(Ad Hoc On demand Distance Vector ) routing protocol. The proposed protocol may take extra time during route discovery process to compute the additional QoS parameters, but this time is compensated by having only QoS paths for data transmission. A few patents on the QoS Routing for MANETS have been reviewed.The simulator NS-2.34 is used to simulate and compare the performance of the protocols in terms of the QoS metrics such as end-to-end delay, PDR in the MANET. Keywords: Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), Quality of Service (QoS), Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad Hoc On demand Distance Vector (AODV), LLT (Link Life Time), RLT (Route Life Time), PLTR (Percentage Life Time Ratio), TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), CBR (Constant Bit Rate), PDR (Packet Delivery Ratio).

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is the combination of network of vehicles and road side units. The efficient routing protocol is needed to route data from source to destination. Because of the rapidly varying topology and links, routing protocol plays an important role. In this paper we evaluate the performance parameters using Zone Routing protocol (ZRP), Dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol, Destination Sequence Distance vector Routing (DSDV) and Distance Routing Effect algorithm for mobility (DREAM)& Simple forwarding over Trajectory (SIFT). For better performance of routing protocol we optimized the results using bio-inspired algorithms, Ant colony based optimization (ACO) techniques and particle swarm optimization(PSO) technique to find multiple path to avoid link failure. In this paper the performance of routing protocol and its optimization is evaluated on the basis of Quality of Service (QoS) parameters such as Energy Consumption, Jitter, Throughput, Delay, Routing Load, Packet loss and packet delivery ratio.

Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork (VANET) is becoming a promising technology in which moving vehicles are able to exchange information between them without the need of infrastructure. The original idea of VANET is for the safety purposes such as warning the drivers when there is an accident happened in the front of the road. Nowadays, VANET is extended to offer more services like downloading emails transfer, assessing Internet and Global Positioning System (GPS) services. To make sure that information transmitted correctly, an efficient routing protocol is crucial and indispensable for coping with the rapid topology changes. In this paper, we developed an OPNET model to evaluate the VANET performance of Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocols in the city with different scenarios. We found out that AODV outperforms DSR protocol in VANET with increasing vehicles.

Routing protocols are a critical aspect to performance in mobile wireless networks. The development of new protocols requires testing against well-known protocols in various simulation environments. In this paper we present an overview of several well-known MANET routing protocols and the implementation details of the DSDV routing protocol in the ns-3 network simulator. We analyse DSDV routing performance under various scenarios and compare its performance with the other protocols implemented in ns-3, AODV and OLSR. Our results verify the implementation of DSDV and show performance comparable to that of OLSR.

IoV is the latest application of VANET and is the alliance of Internet and IoT. With the rapid progress in technology, people are searching for a traffic environment where they would have maximum collaboration with their surroundings which comprise other vehicles. It has become a necessity to find such a traffic environment where we have less traffic congestion, minimum chances of a vehicular collision, minimum communication delay, fewer communication errors, and a greater message delivery ratio. For this purpose, a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) was devised where vehicles were communicating with each other in an infrastructureless environment. In VANET, vehicles communicate in an ad hoc manner and communicate with each other to deliver messages, for infotainment purposes or for warning other vehicles about emergency scenarios. Unmanned aerial vehicle- (UAV-) assisted VANET is one of the emerging fields nowadays. For VANET’s routing efficiency, several routing protocols are being used like optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol, ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol, and destination-sequenced distance vector (DSDV) protocol. To meet the need of the upcoming era of artificial intelligence, researchers are working to improve the route optimization problems in VANETs by employing UAVs. The proposed system is based on a model of VANET involving interaction with aerial nodes (UAVs) for efficient data delivery and better performance. Comparisons of traditional routing protocols with UAV-based protocols have been made in the scenario of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Later on, communication of vehicles via aerial nodes has been studied for the same purpose. The results have been generated through various simulations. After performing extensive simulations by varying different parameters over grid sizes of 300 × 1500 m to 300 × 6000 m, it is evident that although the traditional DSDV routing protocol performs 14% better than drone-assisted destination-sequenced distance vector (DA-DSDV) when we have number of sinks equal to 25, the performance of drone-assisted optimized link state routing (DA-OLSR) protocol is 0.5% better than that of traditional OLSR, whereas drone-assisted ad hoc on-demand distance vector (DA-AODV) performs 22% better than traditional AODV. Moreover, if we increase the number of sinks up to 50, it can be clearly seen that the DA-AODV outperforms the rest of the routing protocols by up to 60% (either traditional routing protocol or drone-assisted routing protocol). In addition, for parameters like MAC/PHY overhead and packet delivery ratio, the performance of our proposed drone-assisted variants of protocols is also better than that of the traditional routing protocols. These results show that our proposed strategy performs better than the traditional VANET protocols and plays important role in minimizing the MAC/PHY and enhancing the average throughput along with average packet delivery ratio.

Routing is a crucial issue in MANET due to the absence of fixed infrastructure and centralized administration. Many routing protocols like Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) have been proposed to find the optimized path from source node to destination nodes. This paper analyzed the performance of AODV, DSR and DSDV on the basis of sent packets, received packets and Quality of Service (QoS) metrics like throughput, end to end delay, packet delivery ratio, packet loss ratio with varying network load and network size. Index Terms : AODV, DSR, DSDV, QoS, Routing Protocols. DOI: 10.7176/CEIS/11-3-03 Publication date: May 31 st 2020

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have made human independent missions possible. These missions have to meet deadline constraints for successful implementation. So making up to a mission by multiple robots rather than a single robot is preferred. An effective communication link is required between these robots to accomplish the given mission. One such effective network which can be deployed in tactical or emergency scenarios is an ad-hoc network. Moreover, the performance of the network depends on the routing protocols used. Also, the performance of routing protocols depends on the way the nodes are moving in the given area where the network has to be setup. Thus simulation of ad-hoc routing protocols such as Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) has been done in NS-2.35 with Nomadic Community Mobility Model (NCMM) and Random Waypoint Mobility Model (RWPMM) obtained from BonnMotion tool. Network performance parameters considered are throughput, latency, and overhead. It is observed that routing protocols perform better in RWPMM than NCMM. With RWPMM, DSDV routing protocol provides high throughput as well as less latency and DSR routing protocol provides low overhead.