Abstract
The purinoceptor P2K1/DORN1 recognizes extracellular ATP, a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) released upon cellular disruption by wounding and necrosis, which in turn, boost plant innate immunity. P2K1 is known to confer plant resistance to foliar biotrophic, hemi-biotrophic, and necrotrophic pathogens. However, until now, no information was available on its function in defense against root pathogens. In this report, we describe the contribution of P2K1 to resistance in Arabidopsis against Rhizoctonia solani, a broad host range, necrotrophic soilborne fungal pathogen. In pot assays, the Arabidopsis P2K1 overexpression line OxP2K1 showed longer root length and a greater rosette surface area than wild type in the presence of the pathogen. In contrast, the knockout mutant dorn1-3 and the double mutant rbohd/f, defective in two subunits of the respiratory burst complex NADPH oxidase, exhibited significant reductions in shoot and root lengths and rosette surface area compared to wild type when the pathogen was present. Expression of PR1, PDF1.2, and JAZ5 in the roots was reduced in dorn1-3 and rbohd/f and elevated in OxP2K1 relative to wild type, indicating that the salicylate and jasmonate defense signaling pathways functioned in resistance. These results indicated that a DAMP-mediated defense system confers basal resistance against an important root necrotrophic fungal pathogen.
Highlights
The necrotrophic soilborne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani infects more than 250 plant species, including corn, potato, soybean, pulses, brassicas, and small-grain cereals
Our results demonstrated that P2K1 mediates a root defense response against both R. solani anastomosis group 8 (AG-8) and AG2-1
Solani AG2-1 compared to R. solani AG-8 in the pathogenicity assays (Figure 1)
Summary
The necrotrophic soilborne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani infects more than 250 plant species, including corn, potato, soybean, pulses, brassicas, and small-grain cereals. R. solani anastomosis group 8 (AG-8), causes chronic and acute yield losses from 10-30% in dryland cereal production systems of the Pacific Northwest, USA and up to 100% in parts of the world, amounting to billions of dollars of annual losses to agriculture worldwide (Okubara et al, 2014; Okubara et al, 2019). It is a broad host range pathogen, causing disease on a variety of crop plants, including canola and other brassicas. Current management practices include direct seed or minimum tillage, applications of nitrogen at the time of planting, and reduction of weeds and volunteers using herbicides (Mahoney et al, 2016)
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