Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of deaths worldwide. Herein, we report an efficient natural anticancer glucan (CVG) extracted from Coriolus Versicolar (CV). CVG was extracted by the hot water extraction method followed by ethanol precipitation and purified using gas exclusion chromatography. Structural analysis revealed that CVG has a linear α-glucan chain composed of only (1→ 6)-α-D-Glcp. The antitumor activity of CVG on Sarcoma-180 cells was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Mice were treated with three doses of CVG (40, 100, 200 mg/kg body weight) for 9 days. Tumor weight, relative spleen, thymus weight, and lymphocyte proliferation were studied. A significant increase (P< 0.01) in relative spleen and thymus weight and a decrease (P< 0.01) in tumor weight at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg were observed. The results obtained demonstrate CVG has antitumor activity towards Sarcoma-180 cells by its immunomodulation activity.
Highlights
Cancer is among the most dangerous diseases threatening human life
The High-performance gel-permeation chromatography (HPGPC) results show only a single symmetrical peak revealing the homogeneity of the obtained Coriolus Versicolor glucan (CVG) (S1 Fig)
The results revealed the molecular weight (Mw) of CVG to be around 8.8 KDa
Summary
Natural drugs have emerged as promising approaches for cancer due to their safety and absence of side effects compared with surgery and chemotherapy [1, 2] Natural drugs such as Vincristine, Topotecan, and Paclitaxel extracted from Catharanthus roseus, Camptotheca acuminata, and Taxus brevifolia respectively have antitumor activities, inhibiting tumor growth by augmenting ConA and LPS-induced splenocyte proliferation, binding to the protein tubulin, stopping the cell chromosomes separation during metaphase and induction of apoptosis. These extracts have associated side effects such as muscle and joint pains, hair loss, loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. Immunostimulation has been considered as one of the possible mechanisms contributing to tumor growth prevention; and is related to immunomodulatory activity through Th1, Th2, and Th17 regulatory activation, hemocytoblasts, regulatory T-cells and mesenchymal stromal cells [3, 4].
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