Abstract
Pupil size has gained attention as a promising biomarker of vagal activation in different studies on animal models. Locus Coeruleus (LC) is the main noradrenergic nucleus of the central nervous system and plays a key role in regulating pupil diameter. Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a non-invasive technique used to stimulate cutaneous auricular afferent branch of the vagus nerve at the external ear. Cervical taVNS is a currently approved treatment for primary headache. However, taVNS mechanisms of action are still not known even if animal studies have reported a potential effect of taVNS on LC.
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