Abstract
In a previous research we have studied the effect of the stimulation of the retina, by pulsed LED’s light of different wavelength, on the spectral density of the alpha rhythms of the electroencephalogram [1] [2]. In conformity to our results and the recent discovery of a nonvisual pathway of light from the retina to the brain, we are induced to search for the effect of stimulation of the retina, with different wavelength, on the melatonin’s secretion. We have, therefore, stimulated the retina with blue LED’s light 470 nm and red LED’s light 650 nm, and measured the melatonin’s secretion in saliva by means of High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results show that melatonin values are higher with long wavelength stimulation (red, 650 nm) to be confronted with short wavelength stimulation where the values are lower (blue, 470 nm), the difference being significant (***). Action spectrum of short wavelength, producing melatonin suppression, was already evidenced in vivo; it was also demonstrated that blue LED’s light differentially modulated cell’s survival and growth, inducing mitochondrial suppression in vitro. We speculate, therefore, that long wavelength light (red) produces photobiomodulation effect at the level of the retina and that this effect is the opposite of the effect produced by the short wavelength (blue). The molecular mechanism underlying both effects may be, we suppose, the activation (red) or depression (blue) of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity at the level of the pool of the retina’s ganglion cells.
Highlights
Since 1998, the discovery of a new photopigment, melanopsin, in a small fraction of retinal ganglion cells in-How to cite this paper: Ferro Milone, F., Bolner, A., Nordera, G.P. and Scalinci, S.Z. (2015) Pulsed Led’s Light at 650 nm Promote and at 470 nm Suppress Melatonin’s Secretion
Steps of this pathway are the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the pineal gland (PG). These structures, with the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), the intermedio-lateral column of the spinal cord (IMC), and the superior cervical ganglion (SCG), set the photoneuroendocrine system, which provides coordination of circadian timing in mammals [3]-[5]. This highly specific and sophisticated regulatory system is governed by the activation of the photopigment melanopsin, exclusively present in pituitary adenilate cyclase-activating polypeptide-containing retinal ganglion cells of the retinohypothalmic tract [6]
A key hormone in the photoneuroendocrine system, is a highly conserved molecule that exists in animals as well as in bacteria, unicellular organism and in plants
Summary
Since 1998, the discovery of a new photopigment, melanopsin, in a small fraction of retinal ganglion cells in-How to cite this paper: Ferro Milone, F., Bolner, A., Nordera, G.P. and Scalinci, S.Z. (2015) Pulsed Led’s Light at 650 nm Promote and at 470 nm Suppress Melatonin’s Secretion. Steps of this pathway are the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the pineal gland (PG) These structures, with the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), the intermedio-lateral column of the spinal cord (IMC), and the superior cervical ganglion (SCG), set the photoneuroendocrine system, which provides coordination of circadian timing in mammals [3]-[5]. This highly specific and sophisticated regulatory system is governed by the activation of the photopigment melanopsin, exclusively present in pituitary adenilate cyclase-activating polypeptide-containing retinal ganglion cells of the retinohypothalmic tract [6]. Since melatonin is an antioxidant, it is speculated to be present in plants and animals to protect from environmental oxidative stress [7]
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