Pulse Characteristics of the X‐Ray Pulsar 4U 1907+09

Abstract

The X-ray pulsar 4U 1907+09 was observed in the 2-18 keV energy band with the Indian X-Ray Astronomy Experiment (IXAE) during 1996 August and again in 1998 June. From the timing measurements, the spin-down rate of the neutron star is measured to be +0.23 ± 0.01 s yr-1. A straight-line fit to the historical pulse period data indicates that the pulsar has been in a monotonic phase of spin-down since its discovery. The day-to-day pulse profile indicates some variations during its 8.4 day binary period. The average profile obtained from these observations shows a double-pulse shape with a pronounced asymmetric primary separated by a dip from a relatively weaker but broad secondary. These profiles show a closer resemblance to the pulse shape obtained with the recent observations with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) during 1996 February, as compared to the earlier observations carried out six to 13 years earlier. A secondary flare of 88 mcrab intensity was detected during the IXAE observations in 1996 August. A detailed analysis of the flare data shows the presence of transient 14.4 s oscillations, which may be quasi-periodic during the flaring activity but have a period different from the earlier reported oscillations of 18.2 s as detected by RXTE during the flare of 1996 February. These results, therefore, strengthen the evidence for the presence of a transient accretion disk around the neutron star during the flare, which may be responsible for the continuous slowing down of the pulsar. The studies of such transient quasi-periodic oscillations during flaring activities of 4U 1907+09 thus provide opportunities for understanding the transient behavior of the accretion disk and its physical characteristics.