Pulsar B1237+25 at 111 MHz: Average Profile, Mode Switching, Nullings, and Microstructure

Controls on suspended sediment concentration profiles in the shallow and turbid Yangtze Estuary

Aim: This study evaluated the preferences for different lip positions among dental students, dentists, laypersons, and patients. Methodology: Average female and male silhouette profiles were constructed from published soft tissue data for the Turkish population. The lips in each average profile were protruded or retruded in 2 mm increments with respect to Ricketts’ E-line. Five images were created from the average profile and arranged randomly. Then, 54 dental students, 55 dentists, 46 laypersons, and 60 orthodontic patients were asked to rate each silhouette profile from 1 (least attractive) to 10 (most attractive). The independent t-test was used to analyze the effect of gender on preference and one-way analysis of variance was used to determine whether there were differences among the groups. Results: The dentists favored profile ‘a’ (+2 mm protruded), while the other groups favored profile ‘e’ (average profile) in both sexes. Profile ‘d’ was the least favored profile, except in the dentists group. For the dental students, profile ‘d’ was the least favored of the male profiles and ‘c’ was the least favored of the female profiles. There were significant differences among the groups when assessing male profiles ‘a’, ‘c’ (p<0.01), and ‘b’ (p<0.05). Conclusion: The average profile image was favoured and the image that showed slight (+2 mm) lip protrusion was preferred second. All rater groups tolerated changes of ±2 mm with respect to the average lip position.

A measurement of the average longitudinal development profile of cosmic ray air showers between 10 17 and 10 18 eV

Gait data are commonly presented as an average of many trials or as an average across participants. Discrete data points (eg, maxima or minima) are identified and used as dependent variables in subsequent statistical analyses. However, the approach used for obtaining average data from multiple trials is inconsistent and unclear in the biomechanics literature. This study compared the statistical outcomes of averaging peaks from multiple trials versus identifying a single peak from an average profile. A series of paired-samples t tests were used to determine whether there were differences in average dependent variables from these 2 methods. Identifying a peak value from the average profile resulted in significantly smaller magnitudes of dependent variables than when peaks from multiple trials were averaged. Disagreement between the 2 methods was due to temporal differences in trial peak locations. Sine curves generated in MATLAB confirmed this misrepresentation of trial peaks in the average profile when a phase shift was introduced. Based on these results, averaging individual trial peaks represents the actual data better than choosing a peak from an average trial profile.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the esthetic preference for various Korean silhouette profiles.MethodsThe Korean average male and female profiles were modified by changing the lower facial height and anteroposterior lip position to produce nine types of profiles. In order to test intrarater reliability, the average profile was copied once more to be included for evaluation. A questionnaire containing 10 profiles for each sex, each of which had to be rated for preference on a numerical rating scale from 0 to 10, was administered to 30 adult orthodontic patients, 30 dental students, 30 orthodontists, and 30 dentists excluding orthodontists. The data were statistically analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA.ResultsThe ICC of overall intrarater reliability was 0.629. For several profiles, significantly higher scores were given to male profiles than to female profiles (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in the scores for all profiles among the four rater groups. Among the short profiles, a significantly higher score was given to the retruded profile, and among the vertically average and long profiles, a significantly higher score was given to the horizontally average profile (p < 0.001). Among all the profiles, significantly lower scores were given to the protruded profile (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study revealed good overall intrarater reliability, with several types of male profiles being esthetically preferred over female profiles. Moreover, while retruded and horizontally average profiles were generally preferred, protruded profiles were not.

We investigate changes in the shape of the averaged pulse profile in PSR B0355+54 (PSR J0358+5413) based on data obtained at the center frequency of 1250 MHz using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). Our dataset consists of 12 non-consecutive observations, each lasting between 1 and 2 h. Considerable variation is observed in the averaged profiles across the observations even though each is folded from thousands of single pulses. Changes in the profile are measured through the ratio (R) between the peak intensities of the leading and trailing components. We find that the averaged pulse profile exhibits significant variation across observations, but distinctive from typical profile mode-changing. By dividing the frequency bandwidth into eight sub-bands, we demonstrate that the shape of the averaged profile undergoes significant evolution with frequency. In general, the changes in R across the sub-bands are different in different observations, but its value is uniform at low frequencies implying a more consistent emission. We demonstrate that the profile stabilization timescale for this pulsar is much longer than commonly suggested for ordinary pulsars, which is likely due to non-uniform and varying arrangement of the emission sources in the emission region.

Evaluation of well-balanced lip position by Japanese orthodontic patients

We investigate the regularity of galaxy cluster gas density profiles and the link to the relation between core-excised luminosity, LXc, and mass from the Yx proxy, MYx, for 93 SZE-selected objects. The sample spans masses M500=[0.5 - 20] x 10e14 Msun, and lies at redshifts 0.05<z<1.13. Using XMM-Newton observations, we derive an average ICM density profile for the SZE-selected systems and determine its scaling with mass and redshift. This average profile evolves slightly stronger than self-similar (a_z = 2.09+/-0.02), and has significant dependence on mass (a_M = 0.22 +/- 0.01). Deviations from the average scaling with radius indicate different evolution for the core regions and the bulk. We measure the radial variation of the intrinsic scatter, finding a slight evolution with redshift. The average profile of the SZE-selected systems describes that of X-ray-selected systems at low redshift. The scaled core properties are positively skewed at later times, suggesting an increased incidence of centrally peaked objects at lower redshifts. The relation between LXc and MYx has an intrinsic scatter of 13%. Using simulations, we investigate the impact of selection effects, intrinsic scatter, and covariance on this relation. The slope is insensitive to selection and intrinsic scatter between quantities; however, the scatter is very dependent on the covariance between LXc and Yx. Accounting for our use of the Yx proxy to determine the mass, we estimate an upper limit to the intrinsic scatter with respect to the true mass of 22%. We probe the connection between the scatter in density profiles and that in the LXc-M relation. Our results suggest that the ICM bulk evolves approximately self-similarly, with the core regions evolving separately; indicate a variation of the gas content with mass; and show that LXc has a tight relation to the underlying mass.

Spectroscopic detection of COClF in the tropical and mid-latitude lower stratosphere

The American Heart Association (AHA) Life's Simple 7 (LS7) score captures 7 biological and lifestyle factors associated with promoting cardiovascular health. To test whether healthier LS7 profiles are associated with significant brain health benefits in persons without stroke or dementia, and to evaluate whether genomic information can recapitulate the observed LS7. This genetic association study was a nested neuroimaging study within the UK Biobank, a large population-based cohort study in the United Kingdom. Between March 2006 and October 2010, the UK Biobank enrolled 502 480 community-dwelling persons aged 40 to 69 years at recruitment. This study focused on a subset of 35 914 participants without stroke or dementia who completed research brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and had available genome-wide data. All analyses were conducted between March 2021 and March 2022. The LS7 (blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, smoking, exercise, diet, and body mass index) profiles were ascertained clinically and genomically. Independent genetic variants known to influence each of the traits included in the LS7 were assessed. The total LS7 score ranges from 0 (worst) to 14 (best) and was categorized as poor (≤4), average (>4 to 9) and optimal (>9). The outcomes of interest were 2 neuroimaging markers of brain health: white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume and brain volume (BV). The final analytical sample included 35 914 participants (mean [SD] age 64.1 [7.6] years; 18 830 [52.4%] women). For WMH, compared with persons with poor observed LS7 profiles, those with average profiles had 16% (β = -0.18; SE, 0.03; P < .001) lower mean volume and those with optimal profiles had 39% (β = -0.39; SE, 0.03; P < .001) lower mean volume. Similar results were obtained using the genomic LS7 for WMH (average LS7 profile: β = -0.06; SE, 0.014; P < .001; optimal LS7 profile: β = -0.08; SE, 0.018; P < .001). For BV, compared with persons with poor observed LS7 profiles, those with average LS7 profiles had 0.55% (β = 0.09; SE, 0.02; P < .001) higher volume, and those with optimal LS7 profiles had 1.9% (β = 0.14; SE, 0.02; P < .001) higher volume. The genomic LS7 profiles were not associated with BV. These findings suggest that healthier LS7 profiles were associated with better profiles of 2 neuroimaging markers of brain health in persons without stroke or dementia, indicating that cardiovascular health optimization was associated with improved brain health in asymptomatic persons. Genomic information appropriately recapitulated 1 of these associations, confirming the feasibility of modeling the LS7 genomically and pointing to an important role of genetic predisposition in the observed association among cardiometabolic and lifestyle factors and brain health.

Modelling and sensitivity analysis of urinary platinum excretion in anticancer chemotherapy for the recovery of platinum

This study investigates what early elementary students do during a new listening task and the effects of teaching listening strategies. An instructional programme was implemented in four classes of 6- to 7- year-olds in low socioeconomic index schools in French-speaking Belgium. In three classes, there was explicit teaching of listening strategies, but not in the fourth class. Twelve students (three students with different learning profiles in each class) were observed and interviewed while performing two text/image association listening tasks. A qualitative analysis was conducted on the videos of students at work and the metacognitive interviews with them. All students had broadly the same type of difficulties with the task the first time. When the task was repeated, the students with average and high-performance profiles used the instructed listening strategies and were successful. Struggling students and those with an average profile who did not receive listening strategies instruction acted similarly, and were unsuccessful both times. The study shows a need to teach listening strategies to students, regardless of their learning profile. It also invites further research on listening strategies, their teaching and use by students.

Range alignment is an essential procedure in the translation motion compensation of inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging. Global optimization or maximum-correlation-based algorithms have been used to realize range alignment. However, it is still challenging to achieve range alignment in low signal-to-noise ratio scenarios, which are common in inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging. In this paper, a novel anti-noise range alignment approach is proposed. In this new method, the target motion is modeled as a uniformly accelerated motion during a short sub-aperture time. Minimum entropy optimization is implemented to estimate the motion parameters in each sub-aperture. These estimated parameters can be used to align the profiles of the current sub-aperture. Once the range profiles of each sub-aperture are aligned, the non-coherent accumulation gain is obtained by averaging all profiles in each sub-aperture, which can be used as valuable information. The accumulation and correlation method is applied to align the average range profiles of each sub-aperture because the former step focuses mainly on alignment within the sub-apertures. Experimental results based on simulated and real measured data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in low signal-to-noise ratio scenarios.

We build upon previous work of Fayolle (2004) and Park and Szpankowski (2005) to study asymptotically the average internal profile of tries and of suffix-trees. The binary keys and the strings are built from a Bernoulli source $(p,q)$. We consider the average number $p_{k,\mathcal{P}}(\nu)$ of internal nodes at depth $k$ of a trie whose number of input keys follows a Poisson law of parameter $\nu$. The Mellin transform of the corresponding bivariate generating function has a major singularity at the origin, which implies a phase reversal for the saturation rate $p_{k,\mathcal{P}}(\nu)/2^k$ as $k$ reaches the value $2\log(\nu)/(\log(1/p)+\log(1/q))$. We prove that the asymptotic average profiles of random tries and suffix-trees are mostly similar, up to second order terms, a fact that has been experimentally observed in Nicodème (2003); the proof follows from comparisons to the profile of tries in the Poisson model.

Global empirical models of the density peak height and of the equivalent scale height for quiet conditions