Abstract
This chapter begins with a review of the definition of ethnicity and race. It considers substance use disorders (SUD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and comorbid SUD/PTSD among five major ethnic groups represented in the United States: African American or Black individuals, American Indian/Alaskan Native individuals, Asian or Asian American individuals, Hispanic or Latino/an individuals, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders. The chapter deals with a discussion of the ingredients important to improving our understanding of PTSD and/or SUD among ethnically diverse populations, particularly as enhanced understanding can improve treatment approaches and outcomes. It reviews prevalence rates, risk, and preventative/protective factors regarding SUD by ethnic minority group. Substance use is a significant problem across racial ethnicities, and ethnic minorities often sustain greater hardship related to SUD as a result of poorer access to treatment, disproportionate treatment when accessed, and greater environmental, social, and economic risk factors.
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