Abstract
The Drive for Muscularity Attitudes Questionnaire (DMAQ) was developed to measure men’s desire to attain an idealized muscular body. To date, the cross-cultural suitability of this measure has received limited attention. The current study addressed this omission by testing the psychometric properties of the DMAQ using an online sample of Irish men ( N = 327). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a unidimensional model adequately matched observed data (i.e., fit indices suggested acceptable model fit). Analyses also showed that the DMAQ yielded reliable and construct valid scores, suggesting that the scale holds promise as an indicant of the drive for muscularity among Irish men. Strengths and limitations associated with this study are discussed, such as advantages and disadvantages of Internet research. Directions for future research are given, including the need for more psychometric work.
Highlights
Men driven to achieve an idealized muscular physique may be at risk, psychologically and physically (Cafri et al, 2005; Morrison, Morrison, & McCann, 2006)
The current study psychometrically evaluated the Drive for Muscularity Attitudes Questionnaire (DMAQ)’s dimensionality, internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity when completed by Irish men
Cronbach’s alpha coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the DMAQ suggest that the measure yielded reliable scores (Table 1)
Summary
Men driven to achieve an idealized muscular physique may be at risk, psychologically and physically (Cafri et al, 2005; Morrison, Morrison, & McCann, 2006). Men who want valorized musculatures may be more likely to use steroids (Parent & Moradi, 2011), engage in disordered eating (Brennan, Craig, & Thompson, 2012), report symptoms of bulimia (Pritchard, 2014), and experience self-stigma about seeking psychological help (Shepherd & Rickard, 2012) To identify those at risk, researchers and practitioners are interested in examining the drive for muscularity, which may be defined as men’s desire to attain a muscular physique characterized by a narrow waist and muscular upper body (Tod, Morrison, & Edwards, 2012a). Additional support was garnered for the unidimensionality, reliability, and construct validity of the DMAQ With regard to the latter, scores on the DMAQ correlated positively with Canadian participants’ weightlifting, consumption of protein and supplements, and contemplation of steroid use.
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