Psychometric Evaluation of the Persian Version of the Professional Socialization Scale for Hospital Nurses: A Methodological Study.

BackgroundEducational leadership plays a crucial role in the development of nursing students, significantly enhancing their clinical skills and preparing them to lead advancements in healthcare. This comprehensive educational approach ensures that nursing students are well-equipped to address contemporary healthcare challenges effectively.AimThis study aimed to translate the Educational Leadership Scale for Nursing Students into Persian and evaluate its psychometric properties among Iranian nursing students.MethodsThis cross-sectional methodological study was conducted in two phases: translation and cultural adaptation, followed by psychometric evaluation. After obtaining permission from the original scale developer, the scale was translated into Persian using the Pilot and Yang model. Face and content validity were assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Construct validity was evaluated through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A convenience sample of 469 nursing students from nursing faculties in Kermanshah Province, Iran, completed the questionnaire. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. Test–retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in a subsample of 47 nursing students.ResultsExploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the three-factor structure of the Persian version of the instrument, with 19 items accounting for 63.80% of the total variance. The model fit was excellent, as shown by the CFI, GFI, TLI, RMSEA, and SRMR values. The scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency reliability, with Cronbach's alpha at 0.924 and McDonald's omega at 0.923. The ICC for the total score was 0.924 (95% CI: 0.910–0.936).ConclusionThe results of the present study indicate that the Persian version of the Educational Leadership Scale for Nursing Students possesses acceptable psychometric properties. The results of face, content, and construct validity, along with reliability indices (including internal consistency and test–retest reliability), indicate that this instrument is an effective tool for evaluating educational leadership characteristics among Iranian nursing students. However, to further confirm the validity and reliability of this scale, future studies with larger and more diverse samples of nursing students, including those in clinical settings, are recommended. Furthermore, examining the criterion validity and discriminant validity of this instrument could contribute to a better understanding of its psychometric characteristics.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the content and face validity index of the development of the understanding, attitude, practice and health literacy questionnaire on COVID-19 (MUAPHQ C-19) in the Malay language.MethodsThe development of the MUAPHQ C-19 was conducted in two stages. Stage I resulted in the generation of the instrument’s items (development), and stage II resulted in the performance of the instrument’s items (judgement and quantification). Six-panel experts related to the study field and ten general public participated to evaluate the validity of the MUAPHQ C-19. The content validity index (CVI), content validity ratio (CVR) and face validity index (FVI) were analysed using Microsoft Excel.ResultsThere were 54 items and four domains, namely the understanding, attitude, practice and health literacy towards COVID-19, identified in the MUAPHQ C-19 (Version 1.0). The scale-level CVI (S-CVI/Ave) for every domain was above 0.9, which is considered acceptable. The CVR for all items was above 0.7, except for one item in the health literacy domain. Ten items were revised to improve the item’s clarity, and two items were deleted due to the low CVR value and redundancy, respectively. The I-FVI exceeded the cut-off value of 0.83 except for five items from the attitude domain and four from the practice domains. Thus, seven of these items were revised to increase the clarity of items, while another two were deleted due to low I-FVI scores. Otherwise, the S-FVI/Ave for every domain exceeded the cut-off point of 0.9, which is considered acceptable. Thus, 50-item MUAPHQ C-19 (Version 3.0) was generated following the content and face validity analysis.ConclusionsThe questionnaire development, content validity, and face validity process are lengthy and iterative. The assessment of the instruments’ items by the content experts and the respondents is essential to guarantee the instrument’s validity. Our content and face validity study has finalised the MUAPHQ C-19 version that is ready for the next phase of questionnaire validation, using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

Fostering a strong professional identity (PI) enhances career fulfillment. In China, therapy education is undergoing development, integrating both Western and traditional health concepts, causing inconsistent PI among therapy students. To date, no validated tools exist to measure and monitor PI of Chinese therapy students. This study aimed to translate and validate the 9-item MacLeod Clark Professional Identity Scale (MCPIS-9) for this purpose. This study involved translation and cultural adaptation of the MCPIS-9, followed by a rigorous assessment of its model fit and psychometric properties using data collected via an online questionnaire. A forward- and backward- translation process was conducted. Content validity was evaluated using item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale level content validity index average method (S-CVI/Ave). Therapy students across all grades at undergraduate and postgraduate levels in China were eligible. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) examined the underlying factor structure. Model fit was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) and Root Mean Square of Error of Approximation (RMSEA). Convergent validity was assessed through Pearson's correlations coefficient (r) with the Professional Identity Scale for Health Students and Professionals (PISHSP). Internal consistency was examined using Cronbach's Alpha (Cα) and McDonald's Omega (ω). A total of 1054 students participated. Content validity was excellent (I-CVI = 0.86-1.0, S-CVI/Ave = 0.98). EFA indicated a two-factor structure with acceptable model fit (CFI = 0.978; TLI = 0.968; SRMR = 0.033; RMSEA = 0.063). Reliability was strong (Cα = 0.835; ω = 0.817). Convergent validity demonstrated a strong correlation (r = 0.75) with the PISHSP. The Chinese MCPIS-9 is a reliable and valid tool for assessing PI among therapy students. Future research could focus on refining item 4 of this tool, potentially through further exploration of therapy students' perceptions of PI within the unique context of the Chinese healthcare system.

BackgroundSocial media has become an indispensable part of contemporary young people's lives, and the influence of social media on college students' eating and other health-related behaviors has become increasingly prominent. However, there is no assessment tool to determine the effects of social media on Chinese college students' eating behavior. This study aims to translate the Scale of Effects of Social Media on Eating Behaviour (SESMEB) into Chinese. Its applicability to Chinese college students was examined through reliability and validity indexes, and the influencing factors of SESMEB were explored.MethodsThe questionnaire survey included 2374 Chinese college students. The Brislin translation model was used to translate the original scale into Chinese. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to test the construct validity of the scale, and the content validity of the scale was assessed through the content validity index. The internal consistency of the scale was assessed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient, McDonald's Omega coefficient, split-half reliability, and test–retest reliability. Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was performed to identify potential influences on the effects of social media on eating behavior.ResultsEFA supported the one-factor structure, and the factor loadings of each item on this dimension were higher than 0.40. CFA showed good model fitness indexes. The content validity index of the scale was 0.94. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and McDonald's Omega coefficient for the scale were 0.964, the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.953, and the test–retest reliability was 0.849. Gender, education, major, frequency of social media use, online sexual objectification experiences, fear of negative evaluations, and physical appearance perfectionism explained 73.8% of the variance in the effects of social media on eating behavior.ConclusionsThe Chinese version of the SESMEB has good psychometric properties and is a valid measurement tool for assessing the effects of social media on college students' eating behavior. Subjects who were female, highly educated, non-medical, had frequent social media use, online sexual objectification experiences, fear of negative evaluations, and physical appearance perfectionism used social media to have a higher impact on eating behavior.

<h3>Background</h3> The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a widely used instrument to measure anxiety and depression symptoms. <h3>Aims</h3> This study aimed to translate, validate and test the applicability of the Urdu version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS/UV) among pregnant women. <h3>Methods</h3> The original English version of the HADS was translated into Urdu by three bilingual experts and retranslated to English using the forward–backward approach. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 200 pregnant women availing obstetrics and gynaecology services for routine prenatal check-ups of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan. Psychometric properties of the instrument, including reliability (internal consistency, test–retest analysis and interitems correlation), were tested. Face and content validity were also assessed. Content Validity Index (CVI) was determined using the average approach and Item-Level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Scale-Level Content Validity Index (S-CVI) were calculated accordingly. Construct validity was examined through exploratory factor analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Cronbach’s alpha coefficient has been found to be 0.82 for the anxiety subscale and 0.64 for the depression subscale, while overall alpha of the HADS/UV is 0.84. The Urdu version is content valid, and the S-CVI of anxiety subscale, depression subscale and HADS/UV are 0.947, 948 and 0.947, respectively. Test–retest reliability is 0.884 and 0.934 as measured by Pearson correlation and intraclass correlation, respectively. HADS/UV items correlated positively with the whole scale (p&lt;0.001). Factor analysis with varimax rotation revealed that two factors explained 42.75% of the variance. Items’ distribution was quite similar to the original HADS. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The HADS/UV is a psychometrically sound instrument with satisfactory measurement, including good internal consistency. The instrument shows promise to be a sound tool to assess anxiety and depression in pregnancy.

BackgroundMost medical organizations accept many nursing students each year who gain clinical practice skills under the supervision of clinical nurses. However, there are no assessment tools to measure the contributions nursing students make to the clinical setting during clinical practicum. This study aimed to translate the 'Nursing Student Contributions to Clinical Settings' scale into Chinese and test its reliability and validity from the perspective of Chinese clinical nurses. And to explore whether nurses' personal and professional characteristics are related to nurses' perception of nursing students' contributions to the clinical settings.MethodsThe original scale was translated into Chinese following the Brislin translation model. A convenience sample of 935 clinical nurses was selected from January to March 2024 for the survey. The content validity of the scale was assessed by expert consultation and content validity index. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to assess the construct validity of the scale. The reliability of the scale was measured using internal consistency, split-half reliability, and test–retest reliability. The measurement quality of the scales was assessed according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments. One-way analysis of variance was used to identify variables related to students’ contributions.ResultsThe content validity index of the scale was 0.983. Exploratory factor analysis supported a one-factor structure, and the cumulative variance contribution was 71.177%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit indicators were all within the acceptable range. The McDonald's Omega coefficient and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the scale were 0.983. Nurses perceive that nursing students' contribution to the clinical settings is influenced by nurses' personal characteristics, professional characteristics, and the hospital environment.ConclusionThe Chinese version of the Nursing Student Contributions to Clinical Settings scale has good reliability and validity and can effectively and reliably measure the contributions of Chinese nursing students to clinical settings.

The prevalence of depression in the community is high. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the information needs on depression in the community. This cross-sectional study aimed to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Depression Information Needs Scale (DINS) among the general population. The translation and assessment of the validity and reliability of the DINS were conducted from February 2022 to May 2023 in Gonabad, Iran. The inclusion criteria in this study were individuals 18 years or older, those living in Gonabad for 1 year or more, and participants who provided written informed consent. Sample sizes of 546 and 629 were used for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), respectively. The reliability of the DINS was examined using three methods: McDonald's omega coefficient, test-retest reliability, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Most participants were women, had a bachelor's degree, and were married. The values of 0.959 for scale content validity index averaging (S-CVI/Ave) and 0.817 for content validity ratio (CVR) were calculated. In the EFA section, four factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 were extracted and explained 63.861% of the variance. Only two items were not placed in related or acceptable factors and were deleted. Finally, based on the results of the goodness-of-fit indexes (e.g., RMSEA = 0.074, CFI = 0.944, NFI = 0.930, and GFI = 0.911), the scale was approved with 18 items and 4 factors: lived experience (4 items), general (facts about depression) (6 items), research and policies (4 items), and specific treatments (4 items). For all the DINS items, the McDonald's omega coefficient, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were 0.953, 0.950, and 0.957, respectively. The Persian version of the DINS was validated with 18 items and 4 factors, and this scale can be used to assess depression information needs in the general public and specific groups.

Background: Stigma presents significant barriers to mental health treatment, influencing treatment decisions and recovery outcomes. Standardized rating scales play a crucial role in assessing Self-stigma, which is essential for intervention efforts aimed at improving mental health outcomes globally. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the internal consistency, face validity, content validity, and factor structure of the Persian version of the Self-stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH) scale in a group of people with mental health disorders referred to the outpatient clinics of Roozbeh Psychiatry Hospital and several private clinics in Tehran, Iran. Methods: First, a bilingual psychiatrist translated the scale into Persian. Content and face validity were then evaluated by six psychiatrists. A pilot test was conducted with ten patients to assess comprehensibility. A back translation into English was performed by a non-professional, and the result was compared to the original version by a bilingual psychiatrist. The final Persian version of the questionnaire was administered to 347 patients with various mental health disorders, recruited from Roozbeh Hospital, a referral psychiatry hospital, and several private clinics in Tehran. Demographic characteristics were collected via questionnaires, and the type of disorder was determined based on the specialist's evaluation. This process was conducted from October 2023 to May 2024. The Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) were calculated, and internal consistency was analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald's Omega tests. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed to explore and understand the data structure. Results: The Persian version demonstrated reasonable comprehensibility and translation equivalence, ensuring both semantic and content equivalence. The SSOSH achieved a CVI &gt; 0.8 and CVR &gt; 0.96. All items obtained an acceptable score (greater than 1.5) for face validity. The internal consistency of the total score was good (α = 0.733, ω = 0.818). The EFA revealed that the Persian version had three factors accounting for 57% of the total variance, and the CFA suggested this model fits the data reasonably well, though there is room for improvement. Conclusions: The Persian SSOSH scale exhibits good internal consistency and acceptable face and content validity for use in Persian-speaking patients with mental health disorders. While the three-factor structure identified by the EFA requires further investigation, the application of this tool among other Iranians warrants additional evaluation.

Background/Aims This study aimed to translate the perceived insufficient milk questionnaire into the Chinese language, Mandarin, perform cultural adaptation, and evaluate its validity and reliability. Methods The perceived insufficient milk questionnaire was translated using a forward-backward process. An expert panel evaluated content validity with both item and scale content validity indices. Construct validity was assessed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated by the Cronbach alpha coefficient. With a 1-week interval, the test-retest reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient. Results A total of 328 participants were recruited. The item-level content validity index was as high (0.83–1.0), and the scale-level content validity index was 0.92, indicating excellent validity. A single-factor model was verified as acceptable with good fit indices. The internal consistency (Cronbach alpha coefficient=0.943) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient range: 0.870–0.974) were good. Conclusions The Chinese version of the perceived insufficient milk questionnaire had acceptable validity and reliability. It is helpful for healthcare providers to evaluate mother's beliefs about breastmilk quantity and nutritional quality, preventing early cessation of breastfeeding through timely interventions.

Suicide resilience has garnered increasing attention from researchers due to its potential role in suicide prevention. In 2021, Sánchez-Teruel etal. developed a tool to assess the resilience levels of individuals with a history of suicide attempts. The Scale of Resilience to Suicide Attempts (SRSA) is composed of 18 items across three dimensions: internal protection, emotional stability, and external protection. While the scale has shown robust psychometric properties in Spanish-speaking populations, cultural differences call for a revalidation of its psychometric characteristics among suicide attempters in Mainland China. This study aims to translate and adapt the SRSA into Chinese, and to evaluate its psychometric properties in adolescents who have attempted suicide in Mainland China. Following Brislin's translation model, a survey was conducted using purposive sampling on 393 adolescents who had attempted suicide at the Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital and the Affiliated Mental Health Center of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. An expert panel evaluated the content validity. The scale's structural validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, along with measurement invariance. Additionally, tests for convergent validity, discriminant validity, and criterion-related validity were conducted. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, McDonald's omega, test-retest reliability, and split-half reliability. The Chinese version of the SRSA comprises three dimensions and 16 items. The item-level content validity index for all items ranged from 0.88 to 1.00, while the Scale-Level Content Validity Index was 0.97. The three common factors explained a cumulative variance of 59.339%. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a good model fit. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire scale was 0.908, and McDonald's omega was 0.910, with individual dimension Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.780 to 0.869 and McDonald's omega ranging from 0.859 to 0.910. The Chinese version of the SRSA is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the resilience levels of adolescents who have attempted suicide in Mainland China.

BackgroundPrevious research indicates that routine inquiry or screening conducted by healthcare providers may significantly increase the identification of interpersonal violence. There is a lack of comprehensive instruments to routinely assess patients about interpersonal violence and violence against children in the household. The purpose of this study was to assess the content validity, face validity and reliability of the Questions on Violence (FOV) tool, an instrument specifically designed for routine inquiries about interpersonal violence in healthcare settings within the Swedish context.MethodsThe content validity, face validity and reliability of the FOV instrument was assessed through (1) a content validity index with six experts in the field of intimate partner violence, (2) cognitive interviews with nine patients recruited from a primary healthcare facility, and (3) an evaluation of the test-retest reliability based on responses from 37(50.0%) university students. The intraclass correlation coefficient, model 2.1, was calculated to assess the degree of correlation and agreement between the two measurements.ResultsCalculations based on the content validity index indicated that five out of seven items had excellent content validity (≥ 0.78). The average content validity index of included items was 0.88, which is slightly below the recommended threshold for excellent content validity. The results based on the cognitive interviews revealed that participants found the seven items to be relevant and easy to understand. Overall, the participants agreed that the concept of ‘close relationships’ primarily encompassed intimate partners, family members, and close friends. The value of the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.85 (0.77–0.91; CI 95%), indicating good reliability with an interval of good to excellent test-retest reliability.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that the seven-item FOV instrument has good content and face validity as well as good to excellent test-retest reliability. The current study provides healthcare professionals with a short yet comprehensive instrument for identifying patients who have experienced or perpetrated different forms of interpersonal violence.

Objectives This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Tool to Measure Parenting Self-Efficacy (TOPSE) for Iranian parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods The TOPSE was translated into Persian, and face validity was assessed through experts’ and parents’ feedback. Content validity was evaluated using the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Reliability was examined among 100 (n = 100) parents by assessing internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC). Results The Persian TOPSE demonstrated strong face validity, with a scale-level face validity index (S-FVI/AVE) of 0.98. Overall content validity was strong, with a scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) of 0.98, while CVR values of 0.60 for eight items indicated some expert disagreement. Reliability analysis revealed high internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.862 to 0.938 for subscales and 0.964 for the total scale. Test-retest reliability indicated excellent stability, with ICC values ranging from 0.950 to 0.990. Conclusions The Persian TOPSE is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing parental self-efficacy (PSE) among Iranian parents of children with ASD.

AimThe purpose of this study was to translate and validate the ethical awareness scale for nurses working in Iranian intensive care units.DesignA cross‐sectional psychometric study.MethodsThe study was conducted in Oct 2020 to Sep 2021, involving the participation of 200 ICU nurses. The process included translation of the original version of the ethical awareness scale into Persian, following the World Health Organization guideline, for use in Iran. The translated version was then evaluated for reliability, face validity, content validity ratio, content validity index, convergent validity and construct validity.ResultsThe initial reliability of the scale was established. In qualitative face validity, a few items changed slightly and all items were retained in the quantitative face validity assessment. Based on Lawshe's values, three items were removed from the scale during CVR assessment. All items exhibited acceptable CVI scores. Convergent validity was established with an average variance extracted greater than 0.5. The fit indices, such as CFI = 0.94, GFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.01, AGFI = 0.97 and CMIN/DF = 2.99, supported the structural model of the scale. The fit indices for the structural model of the scale were all within acceptable ranges, suggesting that the model fit the data well. Its reliability was confirmed through the test–retest method, with Cronbach's alpha = 0.84 and McDonald's omega coefficient >0.8.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate the Persian version of the ethical awareness scale for Iran (EAS‐IR) is comparable in content to the original version, demonstrating its validity and reliability for assessing ethical awareness among Iranian nurses in ICUs. The scale can be a valuable resource for measuring ethical awareness in the Iranian healthcare context and may contribute to improving ethical practices and decision‐making in ICU settings.Patient or Public ContributionIn this project, no patient or public contribution was necessary, because it was not applied to our work.

Background Family-nurse collaboration is critical when caring for hospitalized elderly patients. In order to assess this collaboration in clinical settings, a scale based on the culture of the local country is required. This study aimed to investigate the Psychometric Evaluation of Persian version of Family Collaboration Scale (FCS). Material and Methods This methodological study measured the FCS in hospitals affiliated with Golestan University of Medical Sciences in 2022. After permission was obtained from the developer, the FCS was translated from English into Persian and back-translated into English based on the World Health Organization’s model. The translated version was then examined for its psychometric properties, including initial reliability, face validity, content validity, construct validity, convergent validity, and overall reliability. Ultimately, the reliability of the Persian version was assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Cronbach’s alpha, and McDonald’s Omega coefficient. The obtained data were analyzed statistically in SPSS- 16 and AMOS-24. Results The initial reliability of the whole scale and its subscales was confirmed with values greater than 0.7. Regarding qualitative face validity, some items of the scale were modified based on the comments of the target groups. The calculation of the item factor, CVR, and CVI led to the confirmation of 42 items, the elimination of 5 items, and the confirmation of the remaining items, respectively. In addition, 6 items were eliminated following exploratory factor analysis. Finally, there remained a total of 31 items on the scale. The next step was built on a confirmatory factor analysis approach and fit indices, demonstrating that the FCS could be used in the Iranian population. In addition, CR&gt;0.7, AVE&gt;0.5, and CR&gt;AVE confirmed the convergent validity of this scale. Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald Omega coefficient (Ω), and ICC (test-retest) for this scale were obtained as 0.87, &gt; 0.80, and 0.82, respectively. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the two stages of the test (p&lt;0.001). As a result, the reliability of the Persian version of the FCS was confirmed. Conclusion The translation and psychometric evaluation of the FCS suggested that it is a valid and reliable scale that can be used in Iran to evaluate how well families of elderly patients and nurses collaborate in clinical settings. BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1197-1207

Using Health-related quality of life (HRQL) in chronic patients with severe respiratory insufficiency (SRI) requires a valid instrument. Hence, this study aimed to translate and validate the Persian version of the Severe Respiratory Insufficiency Questionnaire in chronic patients with severe respiratory insufficiency. In this methodological study, the original version of the HRQL questionnaire in chronic patients with SRI was translated based on the approach presented by Wild et al. Face validity, content validity such as content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR), convergent, and discriminant validity were evaluated. Moreover, construct validity evaluation was conducted by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA & CFA).Reliability was also evaluated by calculating Cronbach's alpha and test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). SPSS-16 and AMOS-24 software were used for data analysis. The target group approved the face validity of the questionnaire and the content validity index was 0.94. In total, 500 chronic patients with severe respiratory insufficiency participated in the construct validity. Seven factors were extracted in exploratory factor analysis as respiratory complaints, physical functioning, social relationship, anxiety, attendant symptoms and sleep, social functioning, and psychological well-being. These factors explained 73.91% of the total variance of the concept of HRQL in chronic patients with SRI. All factors confirmed in confirmatory factor analysis based on model fit indices [Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=0.94, Goodness of fit index (GFI)=0.94, Minimum Discrepancy Function by Degrees of Freedom divided (CMIN/DF) =2.99, and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA)=0.01]. Convergent and discriminant validity were also confirmed. Moreover, Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.84 and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.82-0.96 with 15-day intervals confirmed the internal consistency of the instrument. According to the findings of the present study, the Persian version of the SRI questionnaire, with 7 subscales and 40 items, is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the HRQL in chronic patients with SRI.