Psychometric Evaluation of the Dementia Stigma Measure with Vietnamese Adults: An Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Approach.

This study aimed to develop and validate instruments for measuring financial behavioral constructs. This study contributes to looking at the habits of university students in managing pocket money earned from parents in daily life. The sample of this study is economic education students at state universities in Indonesia. Data collection was carried out through online questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out in 2 stages, namely, EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis) in a pilot study of 112 respondents and CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis) of 440 respondents in the field study. The results showed that the financial behavior constructs with three dimensions, namely, saving behavior, spending behavior, and financial planning, have met the validity and reliability requirements to be used in future research. Researchers can then review other factors that affect financial behavior so that they can find other factors that can influence it. In addition, this study can also be carried out in various countries, but sufficient data support is needed if the dimensions in this construct will be used in future research.

This study examined the validity as well as reliability of a tool designed to examine training within the context of succession planning at public universities in Malaysia, using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) as well as Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) methods. Therefore, this study obtained fourteen training items from prior studies and different industries, and these were modified according to the higher education industry. The survey was distributed to 430 respondents, comprising administrators from 20 public universities. Note that EFA was conducted on the pilot study data (n = 102) to determine potential factor structures. Correspondingly, CFA utilised data from the field study (n = 328) to validate the construct measurement model. Here, the validation processes for both the EFA as well as CFA presented that only 13 modified items across 4 components remained for a better-fitting model: Training Effectiveness (TE), Training Needs (TN), Training Transfer (TT), as well as Trainee Characteristic (TC). All Composite Reliability (CR) measures concerning these four components surpassed the necessary threshold of 0.7. As these indices values lie in their corresponding cutoff ranges, the model satisfies the Goodness-of-Fit (GOF) criterion: Chisq/df of 1.969, RMSEA of 0.054, GFI of 0.953, CFI of 0.976, TLI of 0.968, and NFI of 0.952. The research indicates that the tool is both valid as well as reliable for evaluating the elements of the training model.

Introduction: Although the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) has been accepted for educational environment assessment in various health education backgrounds, limited studies have confirmed evidence for its use in Iran. This study examined a shortened version of the DREEM-50 among Iranian students. Method: A sample of 316 medical and paramedical students from Iran's selected southwest Universities of Medical Sciences in 2020–2021 were invited to complete DREEM-33, a shortened version of the DREEM questionnaire. Psychometric criteria for assessing reliability included Cronbach's alpha, intracluster correlation coefficient (ICC), and composite coefficients. In the construct validity section, discriminant validity was measured using the Fornell and Larcker criteria based on the confirmatory factor analysis approach, and principal component analysis with varimax rotation using the exploratory factor analysis approach. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25, Smartpls 3.2.8, and Lisrel 8.8 software. Results: The shortened version had 33 items spread across all five components of DREEM-50. The exploratory factor analysis showed that the five components with eigenvalues > 1 accounted for 61% of the variance. Also, standard factor loadings ranged from 0.52 to 0.86. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the original five components of the DREEM (χ2= 2106.35; DF=490; P<0.001; CFI=0.94; GFI=0.86; AGFI=0.91; NFI=0.93; SRMR=0.038; RMSEA=0.08). The ICC and Cronbach's alpha for the whole DREEM was 0.92. All subscales had values ranging from 0.72 to 0.93. Conclusion: With satisfactory psychometric properties, the abbreviated DREEM-33 demonstrated its validity and reliability for future use in Iran in various educational environments.

This article aims to verify the key factors behind the changes in small towns due to the spillover of the Klang-Langat Valley using Exploration Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) approaches. This study is based on the responses of 355 stakeholders from Hulu Selangor, Selangor, selected via random sampling. Likert scale questionnaires ranging from 1 to 5 were used to obtain feedback. Overall, the questionnaire was reliable with an Alpha Cronbach value for each construct greater than 0.7. The obtained data were processed through EFA in order to group the constructs and items for the change factor of small towns. The CFA was undertaken in order to verify the accumulated constructs based on their respective groups. The findings reveal the creation of six constructs: access (5 items), environment (5 items), security (2 items), activity (4 items), neighbourhood (2 items) and infrastructure (2 items). It is thus hoped that the findings of this research can help in identifying factors behind the transformation of small town due to the spillover of the Klang-Langat Valley. Indeed, the transformation is driving both positive and negative impacts on both urban and rural areas through socioeconomic development and ultimately contributing to improved quality of life in line with contemporary globalisation.

Aims: The purpose of this study is to report confirmatory factor analysis on existing previously validated scales, by means of validating a television viewing scale. Study Design:Survey. Place and Duration of Study:A survey was conducted in the Klang Valley in Malaysia for a period of four consecutive months. Methodology: The target population were college students (age ranged 19 -30 above) in public and private institution of higher learning. College students were chosen because generally they represented the future of a country as with a good education, they would become middle-class professionals.Of the 1,200 randomly selected university and college students 956 completed questionnaires were usable for the data analysis. A television viewing scale was modified and adapted for the study. Results: Using a combination of exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic approaches, this research replicated a television viewing measure. Initially, an exploratory factor analysis (N=956.) evaluated two solutions, ranging from 1 to 2 factors. Next, a confirmatory factor analyses, was used to examine the two �factor model identified by the exploratory factor analysis. A number of indices were used to evaluate the model fit. A confirma tory factor analysis of the factor structure of the adapted television viewing scale was conducted to assess whether the scale's purported 2 factors emerged. T he findings of alternative model comparison converge with the results obtained from factor analys is, which demonstrated that television

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to use exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to investigate the factorial structure of the 9-item Utrecht work engagement scale (UWES-9) in a multi-occupational female sample.MethodsA total of 702 women, originally recruited as a general population of 7–15-year-old girls in 1995 for a longitudinal study, completed the UWES-9. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on half the sample, and CFA on the other half.ResultsExploratory factor analysis showed that a one-factor structure best fit the data. CFA with three different models (one-factor, two-factor, and three-factor) was then conducted. Goodness-of-fit statistics showed poor fit for all three models, with RMSEA never going lower than 0.166.ConclusionDespite indication from exploratory factor analysis (EFA) that a one-factor structure seemed to fit the data, we were unable to find good model fit for a one-, two-, or three-factor model using CFA. As previous studies have also failed to reach conclusive results on the optimal factor structure for the UWES-9, further research is needed in order to disentangle the possible effects of gender, nationality and occupation on work engagement.

To test the psychometric properties of an Arabic version of the Child Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) a using confirmatory factor analysis. Two convenience samples were obtained: Sample [1]: 600 boys (33%) and girls attending 4 public schools in Onizah and Sample [2] 800 girls attending 8 public schools in Buridah. The questionnaire asked the participant's age, gender, and completion of the CFSS-DS. The data were subjected to exploratory factor analysis (EFA), parallel factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and goodness of fit statistics. A total of 513 children in Sample [1] and 503 children in Sample [2] participated giving a valid response rate of 86% and 67%, respectively. From the EFA, 3 factors were identified and confirmed statistically using parallel factor analysis. The internal consistency of the 3 factors, Dental Fear Subscale (0.86), Hospital Fear Subscale (0.77), and Stranger Fear Subscale (0.71), was good. The CFA showed that the current EFA model was an equivalent fit to the El Housseiny etal (BMC Oral Health 2016;16:49). model; however, the solution using El Housseiny etal's structure was distorted. A 3-factor structure with acceptable reliability exists for this Arabic version of the CFSS-DS, confirmed by a CFA using an additional data set.

ObjectiveThe main aim was to perform a systematic literature review of studies investigating the factor structure of the Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q), a widely used measure of eating pathology. Secondary aims were to summarize the quality of reporting of latent variable (factor) analyses in these studies and review support for different factor solutions.MethodLiterature was identified through Scopus, Medline, PsycInfo, and ProQuest databases published up to February 23, 2022 and outreach via an international listserv. All studies published in English reporting factor analysis of the EDE‐Q were included with few restrictions. Sixty studies including 63,389 participants met inclusion criteria.ResultsThe originally proposed four‐factor solution received little empirical support, although few alternative models have been robustly evaluated. Items assessing shape and weight concerns frequently coalesce in factor solutions, suggesting that these constructs are closely related. Investigations of brief versions of the EDE‐Q have produced more consistent findings, suggesting that these measures, particularly a seven‐item version, might be useful alternatives to the full version. Quality of studies was reasonable, with important methodological elements of factor analysis often reported.DiscussionThe findings are of relevance to practitioners and researchers, suggesting that the “original” factor structure of the EDE‐Q should be reconsidered and that use of a seven‐item version is to be encouraged.Public SignificanceSelf‐report questionnaires are widely used in the assessment of disordered eating. The current study found that there is little consensus about the structure of a common measure of eating psychopathology. There is more consistent support for a brief, seven‐item, version assessing dietary restraint, body dissatisfaction, and overvaluation of weight and shape.

Objectives This research aimed to explore and confirm the factors contributing to multicultural counselling competence, as well as to establish the validity and reliability of the multicultural counselling competency scale among professional counsellors in Malaysia. Methods The research utilised a survey design, incorporating a questionnaire. The sample consisted of 150 professional counsellors from across Malaysia, selected through simple random sampling. The research instrument used was the Malay‐translated version of the Multicultural Awareness, Knowledge and Skills Survey—Counsellor Edition—Revision (MAKSS‐CE‐R). Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS). Results Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed a three‐factor structure, namely awareness, knowledge and skills, comprising 18 retained items. The validated 18‐item instrument demonstrated robust reliability and validity, providing a culturally appropriate and psychometrically sound tool. Conclusion These findings underscore the novelty of extending this instrument beyond Western contexts and contribute to advancing the assessment of multicultural counselling competence in Malaysia.

Developing an attitude scale for cursive handwriting: Validity and reliability study

The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is well known and commonly used to assess young, active patients with ACL injuries. However, this application of the outcome measure has been called into question. There is currently no evidence supporting the structural validity of the KOOS for this patient population. Structural validity refers to whether a questionnaire meant to provide scores on different subscales behaves as intended in the populations of interest. Structural validity should be assessed for all questionnaire measures with multiple items or subscales. Does the KOOS demonstrate adequate structural validity in young, active patients with ACL tears, when evaluated using (1) exploratory and (2) confirmatory factor analyses? Between January 2014 and March 2017, 1033 patients were screened for eligibility in the Stability 1 randomized controlled trial from nine centers in Canada and Europe. Patients were eligible if they had an ACL deficient knee, were between 14 and 25 years old, and were thought to be at higher risk of reinjury based on the presence of two or more of the following factors: participation in pivoting sports, presence of a Grade 2 pivot shift or greater, generalized ligamentous laxity (Beighton score of 4 or greater), or genu recurvatum greater than 10°. Based on this criteria, 367 patients were ineligible and another 48 declined to participate. In total, 618 patients were randomized into the trial. Of the trial participants, 98% (605 of 618) of patients had complete baseline KOOS questionnaire data available for this analysis. Based on study inclusion criteria, the baseline KOOS data from the Stability 1 trial represents an appropriate sample to investigate the structural validity of the KOOS, specifically for the young, active ACL deficient population.A cross sectional retrospective secondary data analysis of the Stability 1 baseline KOOS data was completed to assess the structural validity of the KOOS using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Exploratory factor analysis investigates how all questionnaire items group together based on their conceptual similarity in a specific sample. Confirmatory factor analysis is similar but used often in a second stage to test and confirm a proposed structure of the subscales. These methods were used to assess the established five-factor structure of the KOOS (symptoms [seven items], pain [nine items], activities of daily living [17 items], sport and recreation [five items], and quality of life [four items]) in young active patients with ACL tears. Incremental posthoc modifications, such as correlating questionnaire items or moving items to different subscales, were made to the model structure until adequate fit was achieved. Model fit was assessed using chi-square, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) and an associated 90% confidence interval, comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), as well as standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). Adequate fit was defined as a CFI and TLI > 0.9, and RMSEA and SRMR < 0.08. Structural validity of the KOOS was not confirmed when evaluated using (1) exploratory or (2) confirmatory factor analyses. The exploratory factor analysis, where the 42 KOOS items were allowed to group naturally, did not reflect adequate fit for a five-factor model (TLI = 0.828). Similarly, the confirmatory factor analysis used to investigate the KOOS structure as it was originally developed, revealed inadequate fit in our sample (RMSEA = 0.088 [90% CI 0.086 to 0.091]). Our analysis suggested a modified four-factor structure may be more appropriate in young, active ACL deficient patients; however, the final version presented here is not appropriate for clinical use because of the number and nature of post-hoc modifications required to reach adequate fit indices. The established five-factor structure of the KOOS did not hold true in our sample of young, active patients undergoing ACL reconstruction, indicating poor structural validity. We question the utility and interpretability of KOOS subscale scores for young, active patients with ACL tears with the current form of the KOOS. A modified version of the KOOS, adjusted for this patient population, is needed to better reflect and interpret the outcomes and recovery trajectory in this high-functioning group. A separate analysis with a defined a priori development plan would be needed to create a valid alternative.

Identifying the factor structure of the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale for post-partum women and examining its consistency during pregnancy.

Core Competence in Fundamental Nursing Practicum Scale: A validity and reliability analysis

This study investigated the need to extend the TPB model to SMBE variables as suggested by Ayikwa and De Jager (2017) in the quest to better understand sexual behavioural patterns using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) approach. The main research question to be answered: "how the TPB and SMBE variables should be structured into a validated CFA model?" Data were carefully collected in South Africa’s Gauteng Province using a disproportionate multi-stage stratified random sampling method to retain 607 respondents. The survey questionnaires distributed consisted of revisited pre-existing instruments. The data were then analysed by CFA model that followed Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to determine the suitability of the sample size. Assessment of the second order extended TPB model confirmed that it is worthwhile to integrate SMBE variables while extending the TPB model in the context of HIV/AIDS related behaviours.

This research was intended to test the instrument’s validity with data using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using SPSS 23.0 to determine the structure and explore the factors in the indicator Learning Culture Variable. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) First Order was carried out to verify the factorial validity of the Learning Culture construct and to determine the nature of Learning Culture in the context of Islamic Boarding Schools in Jambi City. By using random sampling, a total of 162 samples were taken to test the quality of the instrument from 534 main respondents, namely teachers at Islamic boarding schools in Jambi City who were involved in the main research. This quantitative study used a cross-sectional survey design to analyze the factor structure of the Learning Culture variable. Quantitative data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using SPSS 23 and AMOS 18. The findings of this study are that EFA produces a similar structure from previous studies and this study. The CFA approach verified that the Learning Culture Variable questionnaire was satisfactory for Islamic boarding school teachers in Jambi City, Indonesia. This study explains that establishing validity is an important step for developing a scientific scale for measuring the questionnaire. The construct validity has substantially increased over time and through many previous studies. This scale requires further adjustments to increase the reliability and the ability to explain differences associated with constructs measured in different contexts, cultures and conditions.