Psychological Well-Being and Ways of Coping Among Retirees: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background Retirement challenges can significantly impact retirees’ well-being. Purpose This study investigated retirees’ psychological well-being (PWB) and ways of coping (WOC) during retirement. Methods A cross-sectional study of 341 retirees was conducted using systematic random sampling. Standardized questionnaires evaluated PWB and WOC. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and linear regression in SPSS-26. Results Fewer than half the retirees reached the target range for PWB (82.1 ± 10.3) and WOC (94.2 ± 20.8). Males reported higher PWB scores than females, particularly in autonomy, environmental mastery, and self-acceptance. Oil industry retirees scored higher on PWB than education sector retirees, with notable differences in autonomy and self-acceptance. Higher education and financial stability were linked to better WOC and PWB. Specifically, seniors with higher incomes reported more effective WOC and those with higher education levels demonstrated a stronger use of problem-focused coping. Sub-constructs of PWB and WOC were significantly correlated, with escape avoidance negatively impacting self-acceptance and life purpose. Discussion The low levels of PWB and WOC among retirees emphasize the need for tailored interventions. Health professionals should develop customized programs addressing the specific needs of different demographic groups to improve mental health outcomes. Translation to Health Education Practice Considering socio-economic and demographic variables is crucial when developing mental health interventions for retirees.