Psychological Factors and Family Communication in Children and Adolescents with Elimination Disorders

This study investigates that adolescent communication is influenced by various factors, including individual characteristics, parents, and peers. This study aims to analyze the influence of adolescent characteristics on their communication patterns with parents and peers, examine how parental characteristics affect communication with adolescents, identify the role of peers in shaping adolescent communication patterns, and explore the relationship between adolescent interpersonal communication and the tendency toward negative behaviors such as bullying. This research employs a quantitative approach, analyzing data from 481 respondents. The findings indicate that age, gender, and birth order influence the intensity and openness of adolescent communication. Parental characteristics, including age, education, and occupation, also determine family communication patterns, with parents with higher education levels tending to have more democratic communication styles. Furthermore, peers play a significant role in shaping adolescent communication patterns and behavior, particularly in social and psychological aspects. Poor interpersonal communication with parents correlates with an increased risk of negative behaviors such as bullying. This study concludes that effective family communication and the influence of the social environment are crucial in shaping adolescent interactions.

With the increase in communication technologies, the internet has become an indispensable tool in the life of the individual. Several studies report on the advantages of this resource; however, there is still a group of individuals who use the internet excessively. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between internet addiction, daytime sleepiness, and family communication in adolescents. A total of 340 adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years participated in this study. All completed the sociodemographic questionnaire, the internet addiction test, the pediatric daytime sleepiness scale, and the family communication scale. The results indicate that 64.1% of the adolescents had mild to moderate addiction to the internet. The main results suggest that internet addiction in adolescents is negatively associated with family communication and positively associated with excessive daytime sleepiness. It was also observed that gender had a significant effect on daytime sleepiness, with female participants having more excessive daytime sleepiness. Regarding age, the results indicate higher values of internet addiction among younger adolescents. In view of the above, it is considered important to develop preventive actions with a view to healthy family communication, with the adoption of sleep hygiene habits and the promotion of healthy use of the internet.

Background: Academic success is influenced by multiple psychological and environmental factors, with family environment playing a pivotal role in shaping students' self-concept, emotional resilience, and motivation. Family cohesion, which includes communication and satisfaction within the household, fosters a sense of security that enhances academic competence. Conversely, shame proneness can hinder academic performance by inducing self-doubt and avoidance behaviors. The complex interplay between these variables remains underexplored, particularly in collectivist societies where cultural values may modify the impact of shame proneness on academic outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between family cohesion, shame proneness, and academic competence among university students, investigating whether family communication and satisfaction predict academic success and whether gender and family structure influence these associations. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted on 370 university students (Men = 57.6%, Women = 42.4%) with a mean age of 23.12 years (SD = 4.13). The Family Cohesion Scale (Urdu version), including subscales for Family Communication and Family Satisfaction, was used to assess family environment. Shame proneness was measured using the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale, while academic competence was evaluated using the Academic Competence Scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and independent sample t-tests to determine relationships and group differences. Results: Significant positive correlations were found between family cohesion and academic competence (r = .54, p < .001). Family communication (r = .48, p < .001) and family satisfaction (r = .50, p < .01) were also positively associated with academic competence. Regression analysis indicated that family satisfaction (β = .35, p < .001) and family communication (β = .23, p < .001) were significant predictors of academic competence, explaining 32% of the variance. Gender differences showed that men reported significantly higher family satisfaction (p = .01) and communication (p = .04) than women. Students from nuclear families demonstrated higher academic competence (p = .01) and family cohesion (p = .03) compared to those from joint families. Conclusion: Family cohesion, particularly communication and satisfaction, plays a vital role in academic success. While shame proneness did not significantly hinder academic competence, cultural factors may moderate its effects. The findings highlight the need for interventions that strengthen family support systems to enhance students' academic resilience. Future research should explore the role of socioeconomic status, peer influence, and coping mechanisms in academic performance.

Research has shown that Latino parents discuss sexual topics with their children less often than do parents from other ethnic groups; however, communication about sex in Latino families is not well understood. The present study explored the content and process of mother-adolescent communication about sex to better understand how to facilitate communication in urban Latino families. Focus-group interviews were conducted with 63 Latino mother-adolescent pairs in New York City. Latina mothers were able to discuss certain sex-related topics, such as the consequences of sexual activity, but not others, including sexual intercourse and birth control. Adolescents wanted to discuss sexual topics with their mothers, yet most did not because of fears their mothers would assume they were sexually active and would punish them. Our findings suggest that Latino culture and the urban environment play a large role in mother-adolescent conversations about sex. Latina mothers were raised in a culture not supportive of open discussions about sex in the home, yet they recognize the risks their adolescents experience in an urban U.S. environment. The present study provides information on the nature of communication about sex in Latino families and can help tailor interventions aimed at reducing adolescent sexual risk behavior. KEY WORDS: adolescent sexual behavior; Latino families; mother-adolescent communication ********** Adolescents continue to be at risk of the negative outcomes associated with sexual risk behavior. Approximately 840,000 adolescents 15 to 19 years of age become pregnant each year (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2000a), and each year teenagers account for one-quarter of new cases of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States (CDC, 2000b). Between 2000 and 2003, 13% of HIV cases in 32 states were diagnosed in young people 13 to 24 years old (CDC, 2004). Latino youths may be particularly at risk of these outcomes. Although Latinos represent 13% of the U.S. population, they accounted for 20% of new AIDS cases reported in 2003 (CDC, 2004). Latinos are also less likely to receive preventive care than non-Latinos (Carrillo, Trevino, Betancourt, & Coustasse, 2001; Carter-Pokras & Zambrana, 2001) and have less access to health education, health care, or culturally and linguistically competent health care providers than do white or African Americans (Carrillo et al.; Carter-Pokras & Zambrana). Earlier research has explored parental influences on adolescents' sexual risk behavior, often with a focus on parent--adolescent communication about sex. Although findings have been mixed (for a review of this literature, see Jaccard & Dittus, 1993; Miller, Benson, & Galbraith, 2001), more recent research with improved methodology has found negative associations between parental communication and sexual initiation (East, 1996; Jaccard, Dittus, & Gordon, 1996; Pick & Palos, 1995; Ward & Wyatt, 1994) and number of sexual partners (Holtzman & Robinson, 1995) and positive associations between parental communication and contraceptive and condom use (Whitaker, Miller, May, & Levin, 1999) and communication with sexual partners about condoms (Hutchinson & Cooney, 1998; Shoop & Davidson, 1994; Whitaker et al.). In all of these studies, greater frequency and higher quality of parent-adolescent communication about sex were associated with reduced sexual risk among adolescents. Research on the influence of parent--adolescent communication about sex within Latino families has also yielded inconsistent results. Studies focusing on Latino families have generally depicted less parent-adolescent communication, of both a general and a sex-specific nature, than in families from other ethnic groups (CDC, 1991; Hovell et al., 1994; Hutchinson, 2002; O'Sullivan, Meyer-Bahlburg, & Watkins, 2001). In a study of Latinos between the ages of 18 and 49, nearly half of the respondents reported never talking to their parents about sex (VanOss Marin & Gomez, 1997). …

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to explore the relationship between family communication, family violence, problematic internet use, anxiety, and depression and validate their potential mediating role.MethodsThe study population consisted of Chinese adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, and a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2022. Structural equation models were constructed using AMOS 25.0 software to examine the factors that influence adolescent anxiety and depression and the mediating effects of problematic internet use and family violence.ResultsThe results indicate that family communication was significantly and negatively related to family violence (β = -.494, p < 0.001), problematic internet use (β = -.056, p < .05), depression (β = -.076, p < .01), and anxiety (β = -.071, p < .05). And the finds also indicate that family violence mediated the relationships between family communication and depression (β = -.143, CI: -.198 -.080), and between family communication and anxiety (β = -.141; CI: -.198 -.074). Chain indirect effects between family communication and depression (β = -.051; CI: -.081 -.030) or anxiety (β = -.046; CI: -.080 -.043) via family violence and then through problematic internet use were also found in the present study.ConclusionsIn conclusion, positive family communication is crucial in reducing anxiety and depression in adolescents. Moreover, problematic internet use and family violence mediate the effects of positive family communication on anxiety and depression. Therefore, improving family communication and promoting interventions aimed at reducing family violence and problematic internet use can help reduce anxiety and depression in adolescents, thus promoting their healthy development.

A review of recent literature (2000—2006) has been undertaken to investigate the role of sex education within the family context, in order to engage with the problems of sexual health in British society. The findings which emerged were categorized under the following five themes: (1) Parental roles regarding sex education; (2) The importance of effective communication in the family; (3) Parent—child interaction: differences in gender and communication style; (4) Content of sex education; and (5) Parents as primary sexual educators. The findings highlighted the importance of communication, and showed a tendency of children and adolescents wanting to learn about sexual matters from their parents. Studies on communication of sexual issues emphasized the role of gender, psychological factors and family dynamics in the effectiveness of sex education. Although the majority of communication on sexual subjects has been found to come from the mother, boys feel that the content is mainly steered towards the experience of girls. Consequently, boys use other sources (peers, the media and the Internet) to educate themselves about sexual related issues. Even though parents want to talk to their children about topics related to sexual behaviours, they feel embarrassed, uncomfortable and have neither the skills nor the knowledge to do so. A need for sex and relationship education (SRE) parent programmes has been identified to ensure that the information being taught at school can be reinforced in the family home. Thoughts for enhancing SRE within the family are presented.

Association between elimination disorders and abusive maternal attitudes

Background: Family communication can become a support system for adolescents. Ineffective communication in the family causes emotional problems and poor psychological well-being in adolescents. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the determinant factor of effective family communication in adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional multi-centre design with 357 participants aged 15-16 from fve high schools in Indonesia. We used the convenience sampling method to select participants. Communication in the family questionnaire, Rosenberg Self Esteem Instrument, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) questionnaires were used to measure communication within the family, selfesteem, stress, anxiety, depression, and suicide ideation, respectively. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and binary logistics regression. Results: Most of the adolescents were male (52.1%), had harmonious families (96.6%), had economic status above the minimum wage (65.5%), had high self-esteem (88.5%), and had high social support (67.8%). However, in terms of mental health problems, as many as 47.3%, 74.2%, 72%, and 30.5% of adolescents experienced stress, anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation, respectively. The multivariate analysis concluded that gender (AOR: 0.499; 95% CI: 0.294-0.847) and socioeconomic status (AOR: 0.2.162; 95% CI: 1.296–3.608) were signifcantly correlated with family communication. Conclusion: Males adolescents are more likely to have ineffective family communication than female adolescents. Also, adolescents with a family socioeconomic status below the minimum wage have a greater risk of ineffective family communication. Therefore, it is essential to improve family communication through assertive communication training in adolescents and families in the educational and community setting.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in verbal and non-verbal communication, in addition to the presence of restricted and repetitive behavior patterns. In this sense, this study aimed to subjectively verify the evolution of aspects of motor skills and communication in children and adolescents with ASD during the practice of physical activities. This is a descriptive, qualitative and quantitative study, with 20 children participating in the Focinhos Terapeutas extension project aged between 4 and 16 years old, divided into two groups. Group 1 was made up of individuals diagnosed or suspected of grade 1 autism and group 2 was made up of individuals diagnosed or suspected of grade 2 autism. The results showed that in the valences verbal communication, non-verbal communication and gross motor coordination, children group 2 evolved more than children in group 1. In relation to fine motor coordination, both groups showed 50% positive evolution. It can be concluded that children in group 1 have a better classification, but children in group 2 improved more with the proposed activities.

Communication anxiety needs to be handled by the family from an early age because it can have an impact on the process of establishing a child's self-concept. This happens because children experience a phase of adaptation in a new environment, such as a school environment. The handling of children's communication anxiety is carried out by family communication and games. The purpose of this article is to describe the state of the art about children's communication anxiety and games using the literature review method in a scientific journal for two years (2022-2023). As a result, ten journals specifically discuss anxiety in early childhood and various media games, four journals in 2022 and eight journals in 2023. The game media used to reduce anxiety in early childhood are hand puppets, snake and ladders, puzzles, coloring and origami, and roleplaying. The game media is considered capable of overcoming the problem of child anxiety because the child world is playing so children can describe their emotions better.

The article provides a theoretical analysis of the features of emotionalregulation of communication in adolescents with intellectual disabilities.It is determined that emotional qualities influence the formation of theircommunicative relationships with peers. The essence of the concept of“emotional regulation of communication” is substantiated. The psychologicalfeatures of emotional regulation of communication in adolescentswith a diagnosis of mild mental retardation (F70) have been empiricallystudied.According to the results of the study, a differential analysis of emotionalregulation of communicative behavior in schoolchildren with intellectualdisabilities and typical development was performed. The maindifferences in the formation of emotional qualities, which are the basicfactors in the formation of communicative behavior of students of bothcategories. It was found that in adolescents with intellectual disabilitiesare relatively preserved indicators of social activity and positive orientationof communicative behavior. But high levels of these characteristicswere not detected. Insufficiently formed were the ability to manage theiremotions, the ability to respond to criticism in conflict situations and theability to empathize.These qualities need correction. On the basis of the research the maindirections of correctional work are singled out, which are also the formationof such skills: to manage emotions; coordinate mental states; optimizepotential means of emotional regulation; respond to criticism; actin tense situations; to master the technique of neutralization of remarkswhile defending one’s beliefs; to form empathy in communication as aninteractive ability.Graphic analysis of the results of empirical research allows us to statethe deviation of the graphs of functions in children with intellectual disabilitiesin the direction of low values of function. Characteristic is theshift in the indicators of emotional regulation of communication to theleft of the mathematical expectation. This indicates a predominance of low, below average and medium levels. At schoolboys with typical developmentdeviations towards high values are fixed. The predominance ofaverage and above average levels is determined.

Communication between parents and adolescents about sex, particularly in minority families, has been understudied; more information is needed both on which sex-related topics are discussed and on how their content is transmitted. Parent-adolescent communication about 10 sex-related topics was examined in a sample of 907 Hispanic and black 14-16-year-olds. Chi-square analyses were performed to test for significant differences across the 10 topics in discussions reported by the adolescents (with either parent) and by the mothers. The openness of communication, parent-adolescent agreement about communication of topics and differences by gender and ethnicity were also examined. Significantly higher proportions of mothers and adolescents reported discussions of HIV or AIDS (92% by mothers and 71% by adolescents, respectively) and STDs (85% and 70%, respectively) than of issues surrounding sexual behavior, contraceptive use and physical development (27-74% for these other eight topics as reported by mothers vs. 15-66% as reported by adolescents). The gender of the adolescent and of the parent holding the discussion, but not the family's ethnicity, significantly influenced findings, with adolescents of both sexes more likely to report discussions with mothers than with fathers, and with parents more likely to discuss any of the 10 topics with an adolescent of the same gender than of the opposite gender. The likelihood of a topic being discussed and of mother-adolescent agreement that a topic was discussed both increased with an increasing degree of openness in the communication process. Consistent with research among white samples, mothers of black and Hispanic adolescents are the primary parental communicators about sexual topics. To facilitate communication, educational programs for parents should cover not only what is discussed, but how the information is conveyed.

It is generally agreed that promoting effective communication in families is a desirable goal for health professionals. Many nurses are consulted by families for direction in managing a multitude of issues. A paucity of literature addressing both adolescent communication and communication in families with adolescents, prompted us to embark upon a programme of research which has examined how adolescents expand their abilities to communicate and explored how adolescents and their families perceive communication within their family. This paper reports on a qualitative study that explored through serial in-depth interviews, parents' and teenagers' perceptions of communication in their families. The conceptualization developed from the study data characterizes communication as a tool used by families. The families' abilities to use the tool effectively, however, is greatly influenced by feelings about the topic or issue under discussion. A major theme in our data is adolescent independence. What this means for parents and adolescents and how this developmental task influences the communication patterns used within the families is discussed.

The quality of communication between parents and adolescent children in the case of parental cancer

Objective: This study aimed to identify and rank the key psychological, familial, social, and cultural factors influencing self-esteem and body image dissatisfaction among adolescents with eating disorders. Methods and Materials: The research employed a mixed-method sequential exploratory design consisting of qualitative and quantitative phases. In the first phase, a systematic literature review was conducted to extract and code relevant factors until theoretical saturation was achieved. The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic content analysis in NVivo 14, resulting in seven major thematic categories: psychological factors, family environment, peer and social comparison, media and cultural influences, sociocultural expectations, coping and self-compassion, and physical and health awareness. In the second phase, a structured questionnaire derived from these qualitative findings was administered to 20 adolescents with eating disorders in Tehran, selected through purposive sampling. The collected quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, and the Friedman test was applied to determine the ranking of factors influencing self-esteem and body image dissatisfaction. Findings: Results showed significant differences among the ranked factors (p &lt; 0.05). Psychological factors obtained the highest mean importance score (M = 4.82, SD = 0.21), followed by family environment (M = 4.56, SD = 0.28), peer and social comparison (M = 4.31, SD = 0.35), and media and cultural influences (M = 4.17, SD = 0.33). Lower-ranked factors included sociocultural expectations (M = 3.92, SD = 0.41), coping and self-compassion (M = 3.74, SD = 0.46), and physical and health awareness (M = 3.58, SD = 0.50). These inferential results confirmed significant prioritization across domains affecting adolescents’ self-esteem and body image. Conclusion: The study highlights the primacy of psychological and familial determinants over environmental or health-related factors in shaping body image and self-esteem among adolescents with eating disorders. These findings suggest that future interventions should integrate emotion regulation, family communication, and self-compassion training into prevention and treatment frameworks.