Abstract
The variation of Earth's magnetic field at the equator, as monitored by the Dst index, can stay below its quiet day value for days. This can happen after storms resulting in a very slow recovery of the Dst index, or it can happen in the absence of a storm. Such anomalous behaviour is observed during periods with continuous auroral activity called High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity--HILDCAA. NOAA satellite data is used to investigate the radial depth of particle injections into the ring current and its dependence on fluctuations in the interplanetary magnetic field. It is found that the particle injections are sufficient to delay the recovery of the Dst during HILDCAA events. It is further found that the particle injections during HILDCAA events are closely connected with Alfven fluctuations in the interplanetary magnetic field B z component.
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