Abstract
The main purpose of this article is to provide a short review of proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEMEL) modeling used for power electronics control. So far, three types of PEMEL modeling have been adopted in the literature: resistive load, static load (including an equivalent resistance series-connected with a DC voltage generator representing the reversible voltage), and dynamic load (taking into consideration the dynamics both at the anode and the cathode). The modeling of the load is crucial for control purposes since it may have an impact on the performance of the system. This article aims at providing essential information and comparing the different load modeling.
Highlights
Hydrogen is the most innumerable and simplest element on Earth
After the introduction presenting the current state-of-the-art, and the reasons to carry out such review work, Section 2 is focused on the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer system for hydrogen production including the DC–DC converter
The real response of the system corresponds to the dynamic model in which no overshoot occurs. It means that the dynamic of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEMEL) enforces the stability of the system; for this reason, it is crucial to take it into account
Summary
Hydrogen is the most innumerable and simplest element on Earth. It can store and deliver usable energy. To supply the water electrolysis process, renewable energy sources (RES) (e.g., wind turbines, photovoltaic) are the most suitable since they can limit the environmental impact In this way, the so-called green hydrogen is obtained. Dealing with PEMEL supplied by power converters, it is clear that two systems with their dynamics have to interact with each other For this reason, the PEMEL model needs a deep investigation; it becomes of the utmost importance when RES is employed since the delivered power can vary with a dynamic that solicits the whole conversion chain. After the introduction presenting the current state-of-the-art, and the reasons to carry out such review work, Section 2 is focused on the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer system for hydrogen production including the DC–DC converter.
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