Protocolos de revisão e de pesquisa clínica

Abstract

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In recent years, global science has witnessed an exponential expansion in the volume of published scientific articles. This scenario, driven by increasing pressures for research productivity and publication, has also been accompanied by a rise in the number of scientific article retractions, defined as the formal withdrawal of an already published article. Such retractions may occur due to the detection of honest errors or, more frequently, as a result of researcher misconduct, that is, the intentional violation of the principles of research honesty and integrity, including data fabrication, manipulation, or falsification; plagiarism; duplicate publication; and unethical research practices. These issues undermine the credibility of science, clinical decision-making, and the formulation of public policies (1) . This scenario has posed increasing challenges for researchers, organizations responsible for developing and promoting guidelines for different types of studies, and scientific journals committed to publication quality. Methodological rigor, transparency, reproducibility, and scientific integrity are globally valued principles that underpin trust in research. In this context, the development and prior dissemination of research protocols, whether for review studies or clinical research, constitute essential steps that prospectively outline the research plan, guide methodological decisions, reduce biases and potential errors, and promote transparency throughout the research process (2- 3) .