Abstract
The term dysnatremia is applied to alterations in the concentration of sodium in the plasma. Changes in the concentration of sodium in the plasma may cause fluid displacements between intracellular and extracellular compartments, In a healthy individual the osmoregulatory system of the organism maintains the concentration of sodium from 135 to 145 mEq/l. An alteration in this system leads to an imbalance between the intake and excretion of free water. When the intake of free water surpasses excretion, the concentration of sodium in the plasma falls to below 135 mEq/l, a condition known as hyponatremia. On the contrary, hypernatremia, which is defined as a concentration of sodium in serum higher than 145 mEq/l, arises when the excretion of electrolyte-free water surpasses intake.
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