Protocolo diagnóstico y terapéutico de la disfagia orofaríngea en el anciano

Abstract

Oropharyngeal dysphagia is defined as impaired formation and/or propulsion of the food bolus from the mouth to the oesophagus, and is generally functional in origin. It occurs in 40% of hospitalised patients and in 60% of institutionalised patients. It is usually multifactorial, neurological diseases and structural disorders of the head and neck are highlighted among its causes. It can be asymptomatic, although the most common symptoms are cough, throat clearing or “wet voice”. It has serious consequences such as aspiration pneumonia, dehydration and malnutrition. EAT-10 is a screening questionnaire for patients without cognitive impairment. It is recommended that the V-VST should be performed on patients with suspected dysphagia. In selected cases, instrumental procedures might be necessary such as videofluoroscopy or fibro-endoscopy. Treatment includes causal treatment, rehabilitation, dietary adjustment, posture and feeding technique, nutrition and adjustment of medication.