Prothrombin complex concentrate (Octaplex ®) in patients requiring immediate reversal of oral anticoagulation

Abstract

Introduction Rapid reversal of anticoagulant effect from the use of vitamin K antagonists (VKA) is essential when acute bleeding or emergency surgery occurs. Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) produce a more rapid effect with a better clinical outcome, and do not cause volume overload as compared with fresh-frozen plasma (FFP). Octaplex ® is a modern, double virus safeguarded PCC with balanced content of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors, which ensures fast onset of action and efficacious treatment, i.e. rapid correction of international normalized ratio (INR). Materials and methods The main purpose of this study was to demonstrate that Octaplex ®, when individually dosed, efficiently corrects INR to pre-determined levels in patients under oral anticoagulation who have bleeding complications or are undergoing invasive procedures. To measure the efficacy response, the INR achieved after PCC application per patient was calculated as geometric mean of three measurements within 1 h post-infusion. Results Sixty patients received a median total Octaplex ® dose of 41.1 (15.3–83.3) IU/kg body weight (bw). Of 56 patients evaluable in terms of efficacy, 51 (91%) showed a response as pre-defined in the protocol and in 52 (93%) the INR decreased to a value below 1.4 within one hour after dosing. The median INR declined from 2.8 (1.5–9.5) to 1.1 (1.0–1.9) within 10 min. All prothrombin complex coagulation factors recovered in parallel. Three patients had minor adverse drug reactions. One patient showed a non-symptomatic parvovirus B19 seroconversion. No thrombotic side effects were observed. Conclusions Octaplex ® is efficacious and safe in immediate correction of dosage-dependent INR in patients with VKA-related deficiency of prothrombin complex coagulation factors.