Abstract
The Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), one of the most widely cultured shrimp species in the world, often suffers from cold stress. To understand the molecular mechanism of cold tolerance in Pacific white shrimp, we conducted a proteomic analysis on two contrasting shrimp cultivars, namely, cold-tolerant Guihai2 (GH2) and cold-sensitive Guihai1 (GH1), under normal temperature (28°C), under cold stress (16°C), and during recovery to 28°C. In total, 3,349 proteins were identified, among which 2,736 proteins were quantified. Based on gene ontology annotations, differentially expressed proteins largely belonged to biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. KEGG pathway annotations indicated that the main changes were observed in the lysosome, ribosomes, and oxidative phosphorylation. Subcellular localization analysis showed a significant increase in proteins present in cytosol, extracellular regions, and mitochondria. Combining enrichment-based clustering analysis and qRT-PCR analysis, we found that glutathione S-transferase, zinc proteinase, m7GpppX diphosphatase, AP2 transcription complex, and zinc-finger transcription factors played a major role in the cold stress response in Pacific white shrimp. Moreover, structure proteins, including different types of lectin and DAPPUDRAFT, were indispensable for cold stress tolerance of the Pacific white shrimp. Results indicate the molecular mechanisms of the Pacific white shrimp in response to cold stress and provide new insight into breeding new cultivars with increased cold tolerance.
Highlights
The Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a widely cultured species in subtropical areas such as China as well as many other Asian countries
Significant changes were observed in oxidative phosphorylation, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, and in cardiac muscle contraction under cold stress (GH2-16 vs. GH1-16)
In GH2, a low temperature caused changes in proteins associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Pacific white shrimp are native to tropical areas, but they are widely cultivated in subtropical areas
Summary
The Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a widely cultured species in subtropical areas such as China as well as many other Asian countries. Abiotic stresses considerably influence the aquaculture of these organisms These stresses include low temperatures, which can cause persistent effects on fish muscle (Schnurr et al, 2014), and acute ammonia stress, Shrimp Cold Stress Proteomic Responses which can lead to the death of the Pacific white shrimp (Heisterkamp et al, 2016; Lu et al, 2016). In the Pacific white shrimp, high-throughput sequencing was used to identify the miRNAs that respond to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infections (Zeng et al, 2015) and in organisms under acute ammonia stress (Lu et al, 2016). The results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of the Pacific white shrimp associated with cold stress to facilitate the breeding of new cultivars with increased cold tolerance
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