Abstract
Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) is considered to be a healthy food due to its high content of anthocyanins in the pericarp. The synthetic pathway of anthocyanins in black rice grains has been identified, however, the proteomic profile of leaves during grain development is still unclear. Here, isobaric Tags Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ) MS/MS was carried out to identify statistically significant changes of leaf proteome in the black rice during grain development. Throughout three sequential developmental stages, a total of 3562 proteins were detected and 24 functional proteins were differentially expressed 3–10 days after flowering (DAF). The detected proteins are known to be involved in various biological processes and most of these proteins were related to gene expression regulatory (33.3%), signal transduction (16.7%) and developmental regulation and hormone-like proteins (12.5%). The coordinated changes were consistent with changes in regulatory proteins playing a leading role in leaves during black rice grain development. This indicated that signal transduction between leaves and grains may have an important role in anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation during grain development of black rice. In addition, four identified up-regulated proteins associated with starch metabolism suggested that the remobilization of nutrients for starch synthesis plays a potential role in anthocyanin biosynthesis of grain. The mRNA transcription for eight selected proteins was validated with quantitative real-time PCR. Our results explored the proteomics of the coordination between leaf and grain in anthocyanins biosynthesis of grain, which might be regulated by signal transduction and sugar metabolism in black rice leaf.
Highlights
Rice is one of the most important cereal crops in the world, and white rice is the most commonly consumed type of rice
The accumulation of sugars in the process of carbon metabolism has an important role on the biosynthesis of starch and anthocyanins
To understand the metabolic regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis in developing grains and leaves, which is the largest source of sugar, we analyzed the protein composition of the leaves during the grain filling stage by isobaric Tags Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ) proteomic analysis, and our results showed that the protein expression pattern on 7 days after flowering (DAF) was different from the other four time points (3 DAF, 10 DAF, 15 DAF and 20 DAF)
Summary
Rice is one of the most important cereal crops in the world, and white rice is the most commonly consumed type of rice. Dietary anthocyanins are associated with protection against certain cancers, cardiovascular diseases and other chronic human disorders in addition to their physiological roles in plants [3]. This provides a strong basis for engineering anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants, which would have applications in a diversity of situations. Recent studies have indicated that the expression of biosynthetic genes in anthocyanin accumulation is regulated by the MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) transcription factor in the fruit of apples, grapes, Chinese bayberries, mangosteen and red pear [7]
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