Abstract
Osteochondrosis is a failure of the endochondral ossification that affects developing joints in humans and several animal species. It is a localized idiopathic joint disorder characterized by focal chondronecrosis and growing cartilage retention, which can lead to the formation of fissures, subchondral bone cysts, or intra-articular fragments. Osteochondrosis is a complex multifactorial disease associated with extracellular matrix alterations and failure in chondrocyte differentiation, mainly due to genetic, biochemical, and nutritional factors, as well as traumas. This study describes the main proteomic alterations occurring in chondrocytes isolated from osteochondrotic cartilage fragments. A comparative analysis performed on equine osteochondrotic and healthy chondrocytes showed 26 protein species as differentially represented. In particular, quantitative changes in the extracellular matrix, cytoskeletal and chaperone proteins, and in cell adhesion and signaling molecules were observed in osteochondrotic cells, compared to healthy controls. Functional group analysis annotated most of these proteins in “growth plate and cartilage development”, while others were included in “glycolysis and gluconeogenesis”, “positive regulation of protein import”, “cell–cell adhesion mediator activity”, and “mitochondrion nucleoid”. These results may help to clarify some chondrocyte functional alterations that may play a significant role in determining the onset and progression of equine osteochondrosis and, being related, of human juvenile osteochondrosis.
Highlights
Osteochondrosis (OC) is a multifocal disease, which affects articular-epiphyseal cartilage complexes and growth plates in various mammalian species such as horses and humans
Equine OC has similar symptoms, predilection sites, and clinical presentation as human juvenile OC [7]. In both humans and horses, OC is characterized by focal chondronecrosis and retention of growth cartilage, which can lead to the formation of fissures, subchondral bone cysts, and intra-articular fragments [2,3]
2.1. 2DE Analysis of Proteins Extracted from OC and Normal Chondrocytes
Summary
Osteochondrosis (OC) is a multifocal disease, which affects articular-epiphyseal cartilage complexes and growth plates in various mammalian species such as horses and humans. Equine OC has similar symptoms, predilection sites, and clinical presentation as human juvenile OC [7] In both humans and horses, OC is characterized by focal chondronecrosis and retention of growth cartilage, which can lead to the formation of fissures, subchondral bone cysts, and intra-articular fragments (osteochondrosis dissecans or OCD) [2,3]. This disorder is one of the most common causes of degenerative joint diseases. This study provides suggestions for new research topics and for clarifying the molecular aspects of OC across different animal species
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