Abstract
We recently reported that protein-pacing (P; six meals/day @ 1.4 g/kg body weight (BW), three of which included whey protein (WP) supplementation) combined with a multi-mode fitness program consisting of resistance, interval sprint, stretching, and endurance exercise training (RISE) improves body composition in overweight individuals. The purpose of this study was to extend these findings and determine whether protein-pacing with only food protein (FP) is comparable to WP supplementation during RISE training on physical performance outcomes in overweight/obese individuals. Thirty weight-matched volunteers were prescribed RISE training and a P diet derived from either whey protein supplementation (WP, n = 15) or food protein sources (FP, n = 15) for 16 weeks. Twenty-one participants completed the intervention (WP, n = 9; FP, n = 12). Measures of body composition and physical performance were significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.05), with no effect of protein source. Likewise, markers of cardiometabolic disease risk (e.g., LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, systolic blood pressure) were significantly improved (p < 0.05) to a similar extent in both groups. These results demonstrate that both whey protein and food protein sources combined with multimodal RISE training are equally effective at improving physical performance and cardiometabolic health in obese individuals.
Highlights
It is well-accepted that increased protein intake and physical activity are likely effective strategies to combat the rise in obesity [1], there is a paucity of well-controlled lifestyle interventions.there is less data available on lifestyle interventions combining increased protein intake above the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and exercise training in overweight populations that quantify changes in fitness-related performance outcomes such as muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and balance.Nutrients 2016, 8, 288; doi:10.3390/nu8050288 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrientsIncreasing protein intake above recommended levels has been shown to enhance protein synthesis, postprandial thermogenesis, lean body mass, satiety, and cardiometabolic health [2,3]
Twenty one participants (Table 1) completed the 16 week intervention and results are shown for all outcome measures
The primary purpose of the current study was to compare the effects of a protein-pacing diet consisting of either whey protein supplementation (WP; consumed as three of the six daily meals) or food protein from protein-rich food sources (FP; consumed for all six daily meals) combined with RISE training on fitness-related performance outcomes, as well as cardiometabolic and body composition measures
Summary
It is well-accepted that increased protein intake and physical activity are likely effective strategies to combat the rise in obesity [1], there is a paucity of well-controlled lifestyle interventions.there is less data available on lifestyle interventions combining increased protein intake above the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and exercise training in overweight populations that quantify changes in fitness-related performance outcomes such as muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and balance.Nutrients 2016, 8, 288; doi:10.3390/nu8050288 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrientsIncreasing protein intake above recommended levels has been shown to enhance protein synthesis, postprandial thermogenesis, lean body mass, satiety, and cardiometabolic health [2,3]. There is less data available on lifestyle interventions combining increased protein intake above the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and exercise training in overweight populations that quantify changes in fitness-related performance outcomes such as muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and balance. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to healthy lifestyle routines that combine multiple fitness components into one training program or can be delivered with the support of computer-based technologies [5,6]. Several studies have reported training programs that combine resistance and endurance exercises are more effective at improving body composition and reducing metabolic disease risk than either training modality alone [7,8,9]. In addition to traditional resistance and endurance exercise, nonconventional modalities such as yoga, tai chi, pilates, and interval sprint training have become increasingly popular among the general public [10,11,12]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
