Abstract
Objective: The objective of our study is to investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract of Saussurea lappa against paracetamol-induced hepatorenal toxicity in male rabbits.
 Methods: Eighteen male rabbits were used for this study and were divided into three groups of six rabbits each. Group 1: Rabbits were the normal (negative control), Group 2: (Positive control) Rabbits were administered paracetamol at dose 300 mg/kg body weight (B.W) for 14 day, and Group 3: Rabbits received paracetamol at dose 300 mg/kg B.W then treated with ethanolic extract of S. lappa at dose 300 mg/kg B.W for 14 day.
 Results: The obtained results showed a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in B.W, red blood cells count, white blood cells count, neutrophil, total protein, and albumin with significant (p≤0.05) increase in lymphocyte, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, and malondialdehyde in rabbits of positive control group, histological studies showed many pathological changes in liver and kidney when compared with negative control group. The oral administration of the ethanolic extract of S. lappa significantly protected the hepatic and kidney cells from damage, the hematological and biochemical parameters were also almost normal in extract treated rabbits compared to the control group.
 Conclusion: Our study indicates that the roots of S. lappa act as antioxidant substance and have hepato and renoprotective effect against toxicity induced by paracetamol.
Highlights
Paracetamol is one of the most popular and broadly used drugs for the treatment of pain and fever
Effect of the ethanolic extract of S. lappa on B.W in rabbits treated with paracetamol The results are presented in Table 1 that are non-significant change (p≤0.05) in initial B.W, in all groups, but the results are observed a significant decline (p≤0.05) of final B.W in positive control group, comparison with negative control group and treated with extract group, while results were showed a significant increase (p≤0.05) in final B.W in rabbits treated with the ethanolic extract of S. lappa compared with negative control and positive control groups
Effect of the ethanolic extract of S. lappa on RBC count and RBC index in rabbits treated with paracetamol The obtained results in Table 2 revealed a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in RBC count, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, and MCHC in blood rabbits treated with paracetamol compared with negative control group and treated with ethanolic extract of S. lappa group, while the results showed non-significant (p≤0.05) in RBC count, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, and MCHC of blood rabbits treated with ethanolic extract of S. lappa group compared with negative control group
Summary
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is one of the most popular and broadly used drugs for the treatment of pain and fever. It has been proposed that a little quantity of drug goes through the cytochrome P450 mixed function oxidase system and is metabolized into the reactive intermediate N-acetyl-P-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI), which is in turn detoxified by reaction with glutathione [3,4]. Overdose of acetaminophen in human is fairly common and is commonly related to hepatic [5,6] and renal damage [7]. Even though nephrotoxicity is less common than hepatotoxicity in acetaminophen overdose, renal tubular injury and acute renal failure can happen even without liver damage [8,9,10] and may lead to death in humans and empirical animals [11,12]. There are worldwide trends to come back to natural herbal, which is culturally accepted and economically viable
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