Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) caused by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding in fish has greatly impacted the aquaculture industry in a negative way. In order to investigate the effect of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge (SSB) extract on liver function and differentially expressed protein (DEP) profiles in NAFLD, Nile tilapia NAFLD model was constructed. Indicators of liver functions, blood lipid levels, and levels of antioxidant enzymes were evaluated. LC-MS/MS analysis was employed to identify DEPs for exploring the potential mechanism underlying the protective effect of SSB against NAFLD. Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was performed to verify the results of proteomic analysis. Growth, hepatosomatic index, hepatocyte apoptosis, levels of liver function indicators (AST, ALT, LDH, and TBA), and levels of blood lipids (CHOL and TG) were increased, and the mRNA and protein levels of antioxidant enzymes (HL and CAT) were decreased in HFD-fed tilapia as compared to normal diet-fed tilapia; notably, treatment with SSB extract reversed these alterations. A total of 302 DEPs were identified in the liver tissues of HFD-fed tilapia in comparison with normal diet-fed tilapia, of which regulation of 78 DEPs were significantly reversed by SSB treatment. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis showed that the 302 DEPs were enriched in processes such as fatty acid biosynthesis, steroid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and apoptosis, which are associated with development of NAFLD. Furthermore, results of PRM validation showed that the expression ratios of nine proteins were in accordance with the results of proteomic analysis. Our study reveals that SSB extract has a hepatoprotective role in Nile tilapia with HFD-induced NAFLD, and the observed changes in the DEP profiles indicate that SSB exerts its protective effects via regulation of lipid metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, and apoptosis.
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