Protective Effect of Ipomoea staphylina Against Cadmium-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats

Abstract

The present study was aimed to evaluate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Ipomoea staphylina leaves against cadmium-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Rats were segregated into four groups which included normal control, cadmium treated, Cd+ Ipomoea staphylina (200 mg/kg) treated, and Cd+ Ipomoea staphylina (400 mg/kg) treated. The cadmium treatment resulted in a significant increase in the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Also, a significant increase in the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein was noticed after cadmium treatment. On the other hand, high-density lipoprotein was significantly decreased following cadmium treatment. A significant decline in the activity of antioxidant enzymes was observed in cadmium intoxicated rats. Moreover, cadmium intoxicated rats resulted in significant increase in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, and nitric oxide in the cardiac tissue. Supplementation of Ipomoea staphylina leaves extract to cadmium treated rats reversed most of the indices. The extract (400 mg/kg) revealed better protective effects by decreasing the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and improving the lipid profile. Besides, the extract also significantly improved the antioxidant enzymes activity and decreased the level of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, and nitric oxide. Further, the histopathological study of heart supported the protective effects of Ipomoea staphylina leaves extract. The study, therefore, concludes that Ipomoea staphylina leaves extract holds a strong protective effect against cadmium-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.