Abstract
The protective effects of Porphyra yezoensis polysaccharides (PYPs) with molecular weights of 576.2 (PYP1), 105.4 (PYP2), 22.47 (PYP3), and 3.89 kDa (PYP4) on the oxidative damage of human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells and the differences in adherence and endocytosis of HK-2 cells to calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals before and after protection were investigated. Results showed that PYPs can effectively reduce the oxidative damage of oxalic acid to HK-2 cells. Under the preprotection of PYPs, cell viability increased, cell morphology improved, reactive oxygen species levels decreased, mitochondrial membrane potential increased, S phase cell arrest was inhibited, the cell apoptosis rate decreased, phosphatidylserine exposure reduced, the number of crystals adhered to the cell surface reduced, but the ability of cells to endocytose crystals enhanced. The lower the molecular weight, the better the protective effect of PYP. The results in this article indicated that PYPs can reduce the risk of kidney stone formation by protecting renal epithelial cells from oxidative damage and reducing calcium oxalate crystal adhesion, and PYP4 with the lowest molecular weight may be a potential drug for preventing kidney stone formation.
Highlights
A kidney stone is a complex multifactorial disease and one of the common causes of renal damage
Normal HK-2 cells were preprotected by Porphyra yezoensis polysaccharides (PYPs) with different Mws, and we studied the resistance of the protected cells to oxidative damage of oxalic acid and the ability to inhibit crystal adhesion and promote crystal endocytosis
The oxidative damage of oxalic acid to HK-2 cells before and after PYPs preprotected cells was detected by the CCK-8 method (Figure 1)
Summary
A kidney stone is a complex multifactorial disease and one of the common causes of renal damage. Exposure of renal epithelial cells to high oxalic acid can induce oxidative stress of cells and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby causing oxidative damage to renal epithelial cells and inducing the formation of kidney stones [1, 2]. Finding low-cost and effective drugs to reduce the damage of renal epithelial cells caused by oxalic acid is important to prevent kidney stones. Studies over the past decades have shown that antioxidants in diet may help prevent or delay oxidative damage, thereby reducing the risk of various diseases caused by oxidative damage [3]. Presa et al [7] obtained six kinds of sulfated polysaccharides from green seaweed Udotea flabellum, which can protect cells from oxidative damage caused by FeSO4, CuSO4, and ascorbate
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